Attention Flashcards

1
Q

attention

A

behavioral or cognitive process of concentrating on information, requires cognitive effort and is associated with consciousness or awareness

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2
Q

focused attention

A

ability to concentrate on a target stimulus

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3
Q

divided attention

A

ability to process different info and multitask

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4
Q

what is the main difference between brain areas required for focused vs divided attention

A

divided attention requires more pre-frontal cortex and parietal regions (because it requires more cognitive attention)

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5
Q

3 theories of attention

A

1 - bottleneck
2 - single resource pool
3 - multiple resource pool

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6
Q

bottleneck theory

A
  • there is a continual flow of info that is impeded at some point by a filter that will decide what will be processed
  • earliest theory
  • doesn’t explain dual tasks
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7
Q

single resource theory

A
  • we have one pool of attentional resources and can do more than one task if we don’t exceed our pools capacity
  • capacity is influenced by level of arousal
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8
Q

multiple resource theory

A
  • there are multiple attention mechanisms (resource pools) each related to a specific activity
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9
Q

4 resources pools of the multiple resource theory

A

1) input
2) output
3) stage of info processing
4) codes
* we are more able to multi task if we do things in different boxes

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10
Q

input = _______ processing

A

sensory

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11
Q

output = _________ processing

A

motor

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12
Q

stage of info processing concerns

A

perception, decision making, and execution

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13
Q

codes = ____________ processing

A

cognitive/memory

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14
Q

4 factors that influence attention demands

A

1 - environment and task complexity
2 - skill level of performed
3 - number of cues
4 - arousal

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15
Q

arousal

A

level of activation/excitement of a person’s CNS

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16
Q

anxiety

A

that way a person interprets a situation and the resulting emotions

17
Q

what principle describes the influence of arousal on performance?

A

inverted U principle

18
Q

inverted U principle

A

the principle that increased arousal improves performance only to a point, with degraded performance as arousal increases further

19
Q

the zone of optimal performance varies based on the _________________

A

person, task, and environment

20
Q

when our arousal level is low, our attentional focus is _______. As it gets closer to the optimal zone of performance, our attentional focus becomes more __________.

A

broad, narrow
* this allows us to focus on relevant cues

21
Q

what happens when arousal levels continue to increase beyond optimal level of performace?

A

perceptual narrowing

22
Q

what is the issue with perceptual narrowing

A

individual may becomes so focused that they miss important perceptual cues

23
Q

selective attention

A
  • ability to maintain a behavioral or cognitive set in the face of distraction
  • ability to attend to meaningful things and ignore others
24
Q

focused attention

A

ability to respond discretely to specific visual, auditory, or tactile stimuli

25
internal focus of attention
within the body "keep your balance by stabilizing your body"
26
external focus of attention
outside the body "keep your balance by stabilizing the platform"
27
is internal or external focus of attention better for motor learning and transfer?
external
28
alternating attention
the ability of mental flexibility that allows individuals to shift their focus of attention and move between tasks having different cognitive requirements
29
which involves more cues: broad or narrow attention
broad
30
stepping over an object is what kind of attention
narrow external
31
focusing on knee motion during running is what kind of attention
narrow internal
32
developing a strategy of how to run a mud run is what kind of attention
broad internal
33
running in busy traffic is what kind of attention
broad external
34
divided attention
ability to respond simultaneously to multiple tasks or task demands