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Motor Control > R2G > Flashcards

R2G Flashcards

1
Q

how much head rotation do we use for accuracy

A

100% of angular distance

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2
Q

what encodes the postion of the hand relative to gaze and goal

A

dorsal premotor cortex

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3
Q

what kinematics vary according to goals/contstraints of tasks

A

velocity
movement duration

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4
Q

describe the motor planning pathway through the brain

A

visual cortex (to parietal and temporal) -> prefrontal cortex -> to cerebellum/BG and motor cortex -> brain stem -> spinal cord

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5
Q

describe the ventral visual pathway

A

perception and object recognition (what)
visual cortex -> temporal cortex

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6
Q

what descending path is used for reach

A

midbrain and brainstem

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7
Q

what descending pathway is used for grasp

A

primary motor cortex and corticospinal tract (processed parallel)

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8
Q

what aspects of the brain help to determine grip

A

visual cortex
parietal lobe
premotor cortex

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9
Q

what are the different types of grips

A

hook
spherical
cylindrical

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10
Q

describe anticipatory shaping of grasping patterns

A

pre-grasp is determined by intrinsic and extrinsic properties of object
grip size is proportional to object (max aperture -> reduced to match)

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11
Q

what are the phases of grasp, lift, and release

A

contact
grip and load
lift release

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12
Q

what happens if you have a ventral stream lesion

A

no conscious perception or dimension of objects, but able to pick up objects with great adeptness

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13
Q

what happens if you have a dorsal stream lesion

A

both sensory and movement related deficits

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14
Q

what does the medial superior temporal region do in movement planning

A

planning of smooth pursuit

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15
Q

what does the posterior parietal cortex do in movement planning

A

encodes orientation for R2G

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16
Q

what happens with reaching with no vision or impaired vision

A

reach times are shorter
larger constant errors
timing of grasp is not effected

17
Q

what is hicks law

A

having a longer distance from the target and a smaller target size both increase reaction time

18
Q

what SS info is needed for grasp

A

accuracy in grasp and adaptation object contact, grip forces, detection of slipping, cutaneous inputs, and finger position

19
Q

if you reach without SS info, what can happen

A

drift
vision can slightly compensate
conplex/repetitive/novel tasks may not be able to happen

20
Q

what are 3 factors that contribute to sensorimotor processing in UE reaching and grasping

A

individual
task
environment

21
Q

where does R2G fit in the ICF domain

A

within body structure and body fx and in activity and participation

22
Q

what are the four key elements of R2G

A
  • locate the object (visual regard)
  • reach (PC and moving UE in space)
  • grasp (grip formation, grasp and release)
  • in-hand manipulation (fine motor)
23
Q

during locating central objects what moves

A

eyes only

24
Q

during locating peripheral objects, what moves

A

eyes and head (neck muscle activated first, but eyes actually move first)

25
Q

in children with hemiplegia, if they don’t have vision and an intact motor system, how is motor planning and execution affected

A

they cannot develop or execute a movement successfully

26
Q

pointing has a ______ acceleration but a __________ deceleration because we move as one unit

A

long
short

27
Q

describe the dorsal visual pathway

A

localization (where)
visual cortex -> parietal cortex

28
Q

where does a motor plan go to for modification and refinement

A

cerebellum and BG

29
Q

if you perturb one component of R2G what happens to the other

A

the other is affected as well, despite them being modulated by different tracts

30
Q

what are some task/environ related demands that influence grasp performance

A

weight of object, object size, shape and texture
inertial resistance provided by intrinsic stiffness of UE and hand

31
Q

what is translation (in hand manipulation)

A

ability to move objects from fingertips to palm or palm to fingertips

32
Q

what is shift (in hand manipulation)

A

ability to move an object in a linear manner with fingertips

33
Q

what is rotation (in hand manipulation)

A

ability to turn an object around with fingers and thumb or turning object from end to end

34
Q

what does the premotor cortex do in movement planning

A

codes body movement
makes plan to be sent to motor cortex

35
Q

is reaching across midline faster or slower? why?

A

slower
you are reaching into contralateral visual hemi field which increases processing time

36
Q

T/F: reaction time decreases with practice

A

true

Motor Control (21 decks)

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