Individual Constraints

Question 1

Motor control is ________ and dysfunction falls on a ___________

Answer 1

multidimensional
continuum

Question 2

primary impairment

Answer 2

arise directly from the health condition
ex pain from an ACL tear

Question 3

secondary impairment

Answer 3

result of pre-existing impairment
ex muscle perf deficit due to pain and loss of joint integrity due to ACL tear

Question 4

What are PT tests and measures based on?

Answer 4

guide to PT practice

Question 5

aerobic capacity/endurance

Answer 5

ability to perform work or participate in activity over time using the body’s oxygen uptake, delivery, and energy release mechanisms

Question 6

anthropometric characteristics

Answer 6

traits that describe body dimensions (height, weight, etc)

Question 7

assistive technology

Answer 7

any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities

Question 8

balance

Answer 8

ability to maintain the body in equilibrium with gravity both statically and dynamically, while upright and while sitting

Question 9

circulation

Answer 9

movement of blood through organs and tissues to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide and the passive movement of lymph

Question 10

cranial nerve integrity

Answer 10

soundness of the 12 pairs of nerves connected to the brain

Question 11

peripheral nerve integrity

Answer 11

soundness of the spinal nerves

Question 12

gait

Answer 12

the manner in which a person walks, characterized by rhythm, cadence, step, stride, and speed

Question 13

integumentary integrity

Answer 13

defined as intact skin, including the ability of the skin to serve as a barrier

Question 14

joint integrity and mobility

Answer 14

structure and function of the joint, capacity of the joint to be moved passively

Question 15

mental functions (cognition)

Answer 15

global and specific mental functions (consciousness, orientation, attention, memory)

Question 16

mobility

Answer 16

individual moving by changing body positions or locations or by transferring from one place to another

Question 17

motor function

Answer 17

ability to learn or demonstrate the skillful and efficient assumption, maintenance, modification, and control of voluntary posture and movement patterns

Question 18

muscle performance

Answer 18

capacity of a muscle/group of muscles to generate forces to produce movement

Question 19

neuromotor development

Answer 19

the acquisition and evolution of movement skills throughout the lifespan

Question 20

sensory processing

Answer 20

ability to integrate movement-related info derived from the environment

Question 21

pain

Answer 21

disturbed sensation that may cause disability, suffering, or distress

Question 22

posture

Answer 22

alignment and positioning of the body in relation to gravity, center of mass, or base of support

Question 23

range of motion

Answer 23

the arc through which active and passive movement occurs at a joint

Question 24

reflex integrity

Answer 24

soundness of the neural path involved in a reflex

Question 25

sensory integrity

Answer 25

soundness of cortical sensory processing including proprioception, vibration sense, stereognosis, and cutaneous sensation

Question 26

skeletal integrity

Answer 26

optimal alignment, density, and soundness of the bony structures of the body

Question 27

ventilation

Answer 27

movement of a volume of gas in and out of the lungs

Question 28

respiration

Answer 28

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide across a membrane

Question 29

environmental factors

Answer 29

make up the physical, social and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives

Question 30

intersegmental coordination

Answer 30

smooth, fluid movements sequence and timing of activation of multiple muscle groups for movement

Question 31

fractionated movement

Answer 31

ability to move a single joint without also having to generate movement in other joints

Question 32

movement gradation

Answer 32

ability to grade movement appropriately for the force, amplitude, distance, and speed aspects of a task

Question 33

inability to fractionate movement is usually associated with what

Answer 33

hypertonicity

Question 34

dysmetria

Answer 34

inability to grade forces appropriately for the amplitude, distance, and speed aspects of a task

Question 35

dystonia

Answer 35

involuntary, sustained muscle contractions, frequently causing twisting and repetitive movements and abnormal postures

Question 36

tremor

Answer 36

rhythmic, involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups

Question 37

choreiform movements

Answer 37

involuntary, abrupt, rapid, irregular jerky movements *basil ganglia lesions

Question 38

athetoid movements

Answer 38

slow involuntary writhing and twisting

Question 39

neural aspects of force production (3)

Answer 39

1 - number of motor units recruited 2 - type of motor units recruited 3 - discharge frequency

Question 40

peripheral factors related to force production (4)

Answer 40

atrophy, loss of sarcomeres, connective tissue, pain

Question 41

central fatigue

Answer 41

decline in force due to processes residing within the CNS

Question 42

does the capacity to generate force in an isolated muscle predict that muscles ability to work with other muscles in a task specific way

Answer 42

no

Question 43

muscle tone

Answer 43

muscle's resistance to being lengthened

Question 44

what is atypical muscle tone caused by

Answer 44

lesion/disruption of input to alpha motor neurons

Question 45

hypotonia

Answer 45

decreased muscle tone floppy - can be seen in patients with down syndrome

Question 46

flaccidity

Answer 46

complete loss of tone no resistance to movement - can be seen in patients with neural shock

Question 47

hypertonicity

Answer 47

velocity INdependent increased resistance to passive movement - patients post CVA

Question 48

rigidity

Answer 48

velocity INdependent greatly increased resistance to passive movement - patients with parkinson's

Question 49

spasticity

Answer 49

velocity DEpendent increased resistance to passive movement - patients with CP

Question 50

what is the role of spasticity in limiting function

Answer 50

inadequate recruitment of agonist motor neurons

Question 51

DCML lesion

Answer 51

loss of discriminative touch, light touch, kinesthesia

Question 52

ALS lesion

Answer 52

loss of pain, temperature, coarse touch and kinesthesia

Question 53

somatosensory cortex lesions

Answer 53

loss of discriminative sensations

Question 54

sensory selection and weighting deficit

Answer 54

inability to maintain postural orientation or motor performance as a result of decreased ability to screen for and attend to appropriate sensory inputs

Question 55

apraxia

Answer 55

inability to carry out motor activities despite intact motor function