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Motor Control > Individual Constraints > Flashcards

Individual Constraints Flashcards

1
Q

Motor control is ________ and dysfunction falls on a ___________

A

multidimensional
continuum

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2
Q

primary impairment

A

arise directly from the health condition
ex pain from an ACL tear

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3
Q

secondary impairment

A

result of pre-existing impairment
ex muscle perf deficit due to pain and loss of joint integrity due to ACL tear

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4
Q

What are PT tests and measures based on?

A

guide to PT practice

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5
Q

aerobic capacity/endurance

A

ability to perform work or participate in activity over time using the body’s oxygen uptake, delivery, and energy release mechanisms

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6
Q

anthropometric characteristics

A

traits that describe body dimensions (height, weight, etc)

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7
Q

assistive technology

A

any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities

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8
Q

balance

A

ability to maintain the body in equilibrium with gravity both statically and dynamically, while upright and while sitting

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9
Q

circulation

A

movement of blood through organs and tissues to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide and the passive movement of lymph

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10
Q

cranial nerve integrity

A

soundness of the 12 pairs of nerves connected to the brain

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11
Q

peripheral nerve integrity

A

soundness of the spinal nerves

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12
Q

gait

A

the manner in which a person walks, characterized by rhythm, cadence, step, stride, and speed

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13
Q

integumentary integrity

A

defined as intact skin, including the ability of the skin to serve as a barrier

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14
Q

joint integrity and mobility

A

structure and function of the joint, capacity of the joint to be moved passively

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15
Q

mental functions (cognition)

A

global and specific mental functions (consciousness, orientation, attention, memory)

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16
Q

mobility

A

individual moving by changing body positions or locations or by transferring from one place to another

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17
Q

motor function

A

ability to learn or demonstrate the skillful and efficient assumption, maintenance, modification, and control of voluntary posture and movement patterns

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18
Q

muscle performance

A

capacity of a muscle/group of muscles to generate forces to produce movement

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19
Q

neuromotor development

A

the acquisition and evolution of movement skills throughout the lifespan

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20
Q

sensory processing

A

ability to integrate movement-related info derived from the environment

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21
Q

pain

A

disturbed sensation that may cause disability, suffering, or distress

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22
Q

posture

A

alignment and positioning of the body in relation to gravity, center of mass, or base of support

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23
Q

range of motion

A

the arc through which active and passive movement occurs at a joint

24
Q

reflex integrity

A

soundness of the neural path involved in a reflex

25
Q

sensory integrity

A

soundness of cortical sensory processing including proprioception, vibration sense, stereognosis, and cutaneous sensation

26
Q

skeletal integrity

A

optimal alignment, density, and soundness of the bony structures of the body

27
Q

ventilation

A

movement of a volume of gas in and out of the lungs

28
Q

respiration

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide across a membrane

29
Q

environmental factors

A

make up the physical, social and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives

30
Q

intersegmental coordination

A

smooth, fluid movements sequence and timing of activation of multiple muscle groups for movement

31
Q

fractionated movement

A

ability to move a single joint without also having to generate movement in other joints

32
Q

movement gradation

A

ability to grade movement appropriately for the force, amplitude, distance, and speed aspects of a task

33
Q

inability to fractionate movement is usually associated with what

A

hypertonicity

34
Q

dysmetria

A

inability to grade forces appropriately for the amplitude, distance, and speed aspects of a task

35
Q

dystonia

A

involuntary, sustained muscle contractions, frequently causing twisting and repetitive movements and abnormal postures

36
Q

tremor

A

rhythmic, involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups

37
Q

choreiform movements

A

involuntary, abrupt, rapid, irregular jerky movements
*basil ganglia lesions

38
Q

athetoid movements

A

slow involuntary writhing and twisting

39
Q

neural aspects of force production (3)

A

1 - number of motor units recruited
2 - type of motor units recruited
3 - discharge frequency

40
Q

peripheral factors related to force production (4)

A

atrophy, loss of sarcomeres, connective tissue, pain

41
Q

central fatigue

A

decline in force due to processes residing within the CNS

42
Q

does the capacity to generate force in an isolated muscle predict that muscles ability to work with other muscles in a task specific way

A

no

43
Q

muscle tone

A

muscle’s resistance to being lengthened

44
Q

what is atypical muscle tone caused by

A

lesion/disruption of input to alpha motor neurons

45
Q

hypotonia

A

decreased muscle tone
floppy
- can be seen in patients with down syndrome

46
Q

flaccidity

A

complete loss of tone
no resistance to movement
- can be seen in patients with neural shock

47
Q

hypertonicity

A

velocity INdependent increased resistance to passive movement
- patients post CVA

48
Q

rigidity

A

velocity INdependent greatly increased resistance to passive movement
- patients with parkinson’s

49
Q

spasticity

A

velocity DEpendent increased resistance to passive movement
- patients with CP

50
Q

what is the role of spasticity in limiting function

A

inadequate recruitment of agonist motor neurons

51
Q

DCML lesion

A

loss of discriminative touch, light touch, kinesthesia

52
Q

ALS lesion

A

loss of pain, temperature, coarse touch and kinesthesia

53
Q

somatosensory cortex lesions

A

loss of discriminative sensations

54
Q

sensory selection and weighting deficit

A

inability to maintain postural orientation or motor performance as a result of decreased ability to screen for and attend to appropriate sensory inputs

55
Q

apraxia

A

inability to carry out motor activities despite intact motor function

Motor Control (21 decks)

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