Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Motor Control > Postural Control > Flashcards

Postural Control Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main functional goals of postural control?

A

postural orientation and equilibrium (stability)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

stability and orientation demands will vary with the _________ and the _________

A

task
environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what 3 main body s/f contribute to successful postural control?

A
  • sensory process
  • motor processes
  • cognitive processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T or F: deficits in one area (sensory, motor, or cognitive processes) can predict dysfunction

A

false
think individual with diabetic neuropathy can still have decent balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the biomechanical definition of balance

A

the ability to control the COG over the BOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

________ is the key variable being controlled by the CNS

A

COM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

______- continuously moves around COM to keep COM within BOS

A

center of pressure (COP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the six requirements for postural control

A

biomechanical constraints
task dynamics
sensory strategies
orientation in space
movement strategies
cognitive processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

biomechanical constraint includes…

A

DOF
force production
BOS
COG location
limits of stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Task dynamics include…

A

COG location
limits of stability
task demands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sensory strategies include…

A

sensory integration
sensory reweighting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

orientation in space includes…

A

perception
gravity, surfaces, vision
verticality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

movement strategies include…

A

steady state
anticipatory
reactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cognitive processing includes…

A

attention
learning
confidence, fear, self-efficacy, and motivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

an important biomech constraint is the ______ and ______ of the BOS

A

size and quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

limits of stability def

A

max distance a person can intentionally displace their COG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the limits of stability determined by?

A
  • BOS size
  • ROM
  • ability to produce force
  • ability to detect sensory info
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

stability limits can be represented as what shape?

A

cone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

do women or men have a higher COG? children or adults?

A

men
children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the 5 points of alignment?

A

mastoid process
ant. shoulder
hip joints
ant. to knee joint
ant. to ankle joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

why is staying in alignment ideal?

A

because the body is maintained in equilibrium with least amount of energy expenditure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the consequences of poor alignment?

A

kyphosis
sway back (will affect COP and postural control, if someone pushes you, you’ll have less room to compensate and fall)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what muscles are tonically active in alignment due to COG

A

erector spinae
ilioposas
glut med
gastroc
soleus
TFL

lesser:
abs
tib ant
bicep femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T or F: only COM position influences stability

A

F - velocity does as well. increased speed, increases displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what influences the area of sway tolerated for successful task completion

A

the task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the motor control definition of balance

A

the coordination of sensorimotor strategies to stabilize the body’s COM during both self-initiated and externally triggered disturbances in postural stability

27
Q

in a well lit environment with a firm base of support, healthy person’s rely on _________________ (70%), ___________ (20%), and _________ (10%)

A

somatosensory
vestibular
vision

28
Q

must ____ and ______ sensory environment in a task specific manner

A

integrate
weight

29
Q

if walking on a crazy carpet pattern, what system will you rely less on? SS, vestibular, or vision?

A

vision

30
Q

if you are a polar bear walking on slippery ice, what system will you rely less on? SS, vestibular, or vision?

A

somatosensory

31
Q

if you are an astronaut floating in space, what system will you rely less on? SS, vestibular, or vision?

A

vestibular

32
Q

The ability to ___________ body parts with respect to gravity, the support surface, visual surround and internal references is a critical component of postural control

A

orient

33
Q

what elements do you need to have a reference frame for verticality

A
  • somatosensory (support surface)
  • vestibular (gravity)
  • vision (environment)
34
Q

orientation deficit

A
  • disruptions in the internal representations of either visual or postural verticality
  • automatic postural response not aligned with gravity
  • postural instability
35
Q

what are the 2 vestibular receptors that provide a gravito-inertial frame of reference

A

semi-circular canals
utricle and saccule

36
Q

semi-circular canals

A

head position and movement

37
Q

utricle and saccule

A

horizontal and vertical acceleration and deceleration

38
Q

T or F: the vestibular signals alone can provide a true picture of the gravito-inertial frame of reference

A

false

39
Q

what 2 components of vision provide a frame of reference for verticality

A
  • vestibular ocular reflex, smooth pursuit, saccades
  • peripheral (ambient) & central (focal) vision
40
Q

what are some limitations to vision being a reference for verticality

A

not always necessary or accurate

41
Q

what are the orientation functions for somatosensory receptors to provide verticality

A
  • position and motion info relative to supporting surface (horizontal)
  • relationship of body segments to one another
42
Q

what are some limitations to using somatosensory receptors as a verticality reference

A

moving surfaces or non-horizontal surfaces

43
Q

sensory input from ___________ reduces postural sway

A

cutaneous receptors
*think surfers

44
Q

most functional tasks require sensory information to be used in _________ and _________ manner

A

feedforward
feedback

45
Q

sensory availability impacts _______ during steady state standing

A

postural sway
*think Lin’s lab

46
Q

when do we have more sway during stead state standing?

A

when somatosensory info is challenged
when only one system is available

47
Q

When you have a wide BOS, how does postural sway change with eyes open versus closed

A

it doesn’t change much

48
Q

for reactive postural control, what type of info is critical

A

somatosensory

49
Q

when support surface is rotating, what info is important

A

vestibular

50
Q

early in learning, what do you weight more? then with automaticity, what do you weight more?

A

vision
somatosensory

51
Q

what are some multiple task dependent synergies for balance control

A

ankle
hip
combination
change in support (step)

52
Q

ankle syngergies are for what kind of stability

A

ant post

53
Q

hip synergies are for what kind of stability

A

ant post
m/l

54
Q

ankle strategy is observed when?

A

low velocity, small preturbations
firm surface conditions
begins with distal muscle activations

55
Q

hip strategies are observed when

A

large, fast preturbations
small BOS
compliant surfaces
proximal muscles activate first

56
Q

how does the hip recover stability ML?

A

lateral movement of pelvis
hip abductors and adductors

57
Q

can muscles be part of multiple synergies

A

yes

58
Q

why are synergies important?

A

allow for activations of synergies in a feedback manner to create context specific adjustments
allows us to simplify movements
more flexibilty

59
Q

what does anticipatory postural control rely on?

A

feed forward control

60
Q

what are two synergies of anticipatory postural control?

A

preparation (feed forward)
compensation (feedback)

61
Q

what are some clinical implications for anticipatory postural adjustments

A

external support
practice
facilitate anticipatory control

62
Q

increasing stability demands has what effect on attention demands

A

increases

63
Q

what are some ways to decrease sway by using vision

A

focus on visual target while performing a visual task

64
Q

what are two critical factors that can modify postural control performance

A

confidence
fear

Motor Control (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions