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Motor Control > Atypical Gait > Flashcards

Atypical Gait Flashcards

1
Q

what are some significant correlates of community ambulation?

A

Balance
Gait velocity
strength
falls self-efficacy
depression
fatigue

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2
Q

describe paralysis/paresis/weakness

A

due to neural (insufficient supraspinal recruitment of MNs) and on

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3
Q

what are some observed deviations of PF weakness

A

lack of controlled DF during stance
reduced pushoff

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4
Q

what are some compensations of PF weakness

A

knee jyperextension
flexed knee gait

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5
Q

what are some observed deviations of quad weakness

A

knee instability
(3+-4 MMT) difficulty controlling knee flexion in LR
(o to 3MMT) trouble stabilizing the knee is MS

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6
Q

what are some compensations of quad weakness

A

knee hyperextension (MS)
forward trunk lean

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7
Q

what are some observed deviations of hip flexor weakness

A

limited hip flexion in swing

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8
Q

what are some compensations of hip flexor weakness

A

hip hiking
controlateral vaulting
lateral lean
posterior pelvic tilt
circumduction

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9
Q

how much hip flexor muscle strength is needed for proper gait

A

2+

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10
Q

what are some observed deviations of hip extensor weakness

A

forward trunk lean
greater frontal pelvis motion

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11
Q

what is a compensation of hip extensor weakness

A

backward lean

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12
Q

after a stroke, what weakness is positively correlated with gait velocity

A

hip extensor

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13
Q

what are some observed deviations of hip abductor weakness

A

trendelenburg
frontal plane instability

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14
Q

what are some compensations of hip abductor weakness

A

step width adjustments (wider BOS) lateral lean of trunk toward stance leg (reduced moment arm)

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15
Q

what are some consequences of ROM/joint mobility deficits

A

stance: limit stability and progression
swing: reduce foot clearance/weight acceptance
limit ability to modify movement strategies

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16
Q

what are ROM/joint mobility deficits of big concern

A

ankle DF
knee/hip extension
pelvis
spine

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17
Q

what are some observed deviations of PF contractures

A

forefoot/midfoot IC
limited tibia advance (MS)
limited DF in TS
reduced foot clearance in swing

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18
Q

how would someone compensate from a PF contracture

A

knee hyperextension in mid TS
hip flex/circumduction/hiking in swing
short step length

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19
Q

what are some observed deviations of.a knee flexion contracture

A

knee flexion
no extension at TS

20
Q

what are some compensations of a knee flexion contracture

A

trunk shift over stance limb
short step
early heel rise

21
Q

what are some observed deviations of a hip flexion contracture

A

no hip extension in MS -> TS
no trailing limb
crouched gait

22
Q

what are some compensations of a hip flexion contracture

A

short step length
spinal compensation (lumbar lordosis)

23
Q

what are some ways that impaired coordination can manifest itself as

A

abnormal synergies
lack of intersegmental coordination
coactivation of muscles
increased muscle activation (not spasticity)

24
Q

what are some ways that someone can compensate from an abnormal synergy

A

slow, stereotypical gait
trunk deviations

25
Q

if someone presents with guarding and stiff/overly controlled joints, what might you think is the problem

A

increased activation of muscles unrelated to spasticity

26
Q

how might someone compensate from increased activation of muscles (not spasticity) or from impaired segmental coordination

A

freezing DOF
sub at other joints

27
Q

if someone has impaired segmental coordination, how might they present

A

fault timing, overly large/small amplitudes, increased or decreased speed

28
Q

with no intersegmental coordination, what deviations may you observe

A

delay in timing between segments increase/decrease magnitude of joint segments relative
reduced coordination

29
Q

what can cause coactivation

A

pathologically disorganized CPGs
immature gait patterns
compensation to increase stiffness

30
Q

what role do sensory inputs play in controlling locomotion

A

trigger for initiation of swing
adapting patterns to changes in environment

31
Q

what deficits may be present with somatosensory issues

A

ataxia
delayed swing initiation
delayed push off in preswing

32
Q

what deviations may be present with visual deficits

A

gait velocity
obstacle clearance
route finding

33
Q

if someone has scheme disorders, what deviations may occur

A

asymmetrical trunk lean
inappropriate foot placement
veering

34
Q

what compensations can occur with antalgic gait

A

step length change
altered velocity
up the chain deviations

35
Q

if someone has pain, which leg is it in

A

find the short step and pain is usually in the opposite leg *need to corroborate with test

36
Q

cognitive deficits can lead to what deficits

A

slow walking speed, dual task deficits, impaired judgment, difficulty with initiation/termination

37
Q

what are some typical gait dysfunctions in those with cerebellar dysfunction

A

staggering, veering, irregular stepping, reduced step length, freezing DOF, etc.

38
Q

what are some typical gait dysfunctions in those with MSK problems

A

focal weakness, ROM deficit, pain, impaired inter-segmental coordination

39
Q

what are some typical gait dysfunction in those with PD

A

slowed gait velocity, freezing of gait, visual reliance, cocontraction, uncontrolled progression

40
Q

what are some typical gait dysfunctions in those with stroke

A

paresis, spasticity, sensory impairments, slowed velocity, asymmetry

41
Q

what are the major aspects of gait re-training

A

gait modification + motor learning = retention

42
Q

what pop have gait retraining been shown to work in

A

stroke
PD
SCI
CP
knee and hip OA
PF pain
Tibial stress fx
IT band syndrome

43
Q

what else is very important when it comes to gait function other than strength

A

ROM
mobility
coordination
accessory systems application

44
Q

what are some common gait deficits in stance

A

claw toes
varus foot
flat foot
foot slap
limited hip flexion
trendelenburg
forward trunk lean
knee hyperextension
excessive pronation

45
Q

what are some common gait deficits in swing

A

foot drop
varus/inverted foot
equinovarus
hip hiking
circumduction
excessive knee flexion
insufficient pelvic rotation

46
Q

what is one of the first signs of dysfunction

A

mobility deficits

Motor Control (21 decks)

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