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Motor Control > Motor Learning > Flashcards

Motor Learning Flashcards

1
Q

Therapists help to teach ______ motor skills and help ______ and recover previously learned motor skills

A

new, refine

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2
Q

motor learning encompasses both ____________ and ___________

A

skill acquisition and recovery function

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3
Q

motor learning is the study of:

A

acquisition of and or modification of movement in health individuals

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4
Q

recovery of function refers to the:

A

reacquisition of movement skills lost through injury or pathology

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5
Q

definition of motor learning:

A
  • process of acquiring skilled action
  • results from practice
  • inferred from performance
  • relatively permanent change
  • emerges from the interaction between person, task, and environment
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6
Q

Please list key performance characteristics associated with motor learning

A

improvement
persistance
consistancy
adaptability
stability
reduction in attention demands

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7
Q

we can assess motor learning by:

A

examining performance over time and using performance curves

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8
Q

what is the 2/3 power law of practice

A

rapid gains before leveling off

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9
Q

retention can be a measure of?

A

persistancy

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10
Q

transfer can be a measure of?

A

adaptability

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11
Q

movement variability changes and can be a measure of?

A

consistency

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12
Q

variability is a hallmark of?

A

learning

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13
Q

how do you measure motor learning?

A
  • pre and post test
  • retention test
  • transfer test
  • variability
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14
Q

what 2 theories do we use to explain stages of learning?

A
  • fitts and posner
  • systems 3 stages model
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15
Q

fitts and posner stages of learning

A

cognitive
associative
autonomous

need for cues and attentional demands decrease linearly as we learn

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16
Q

systems 3 stage model of learning

A

focus on controlling degrees of freedom
1 - novice (freeze DOF)
2 - advanced (release DOF to function synergies)
3 - expert (exploit DOF)

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17
Q

What changes with motor learning?

A

action changes
cognition
perception

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18
Q

What action changes with motor learning

A

improved coordination
increased consistancy
more efficient energy expenditure

19
Q

what cognitive changes with motor learning

A

attention demands decrease
visual selective attention changes

20
Q

what perception changes with motor learning

A

ability to detect error and correct it improves

21
Q

early motor learning is associated with the________ and late motor learning is associated with the _________-

A

cerebellum
basal ganglia

22
Q

sensory receptors allow ________, selective attention allow __________, and association/repetition/rehearsal allow_____________

A

sensory register
short term memory
long term memory

23
Q

steps of memory processing

A

encoding (sensory register)
consolidation (short term)
storage (long term)
retrieval (long term)

24
Q

what are key features of the consolidation phase of memory?

A
  • makes info stable for long term memory
  • see structural changes in neurons
25
Q

what are two types of long term memory

A

declarative (explicit)
non-declarative (implicit)

26
Q

declarative

A
  • explicit
  • what
  • factual knowledge
  • can consciously be recalled
27
Q

non-declarative

A
  • implicit
  • how (procedural)
  • memory of skills and actions
  • not based on conscious recall or attention
28
Q

what are the clinical implications of the two types of long term memory

A

want to move from declarative to non-declarative with repetition (more automatic behavior)

29
Q

we need a lot of _________ to form non-declarative memory

A

repetition

30
Q

__________ learning is the type of learning most closely related to motor skill acquisition

A

non-declarative

31
Q

repetition of movement leads to automatic learning of the movement itself accomplished through:

A

trial and error

clinical implications: a lot of patients do well with this learning esp those with cognitive deficits

32
Q

there __________ (is/is not) a direct relationship between the ability to learn new declarative info and the ability to learn motor skills

A

is not

33
Q

the ability to learn motor skills is _____ even in the presence of profound declarative memory loss

A

retained

34
Q

learning will be optimized with the PT:

A
  • keep cues/feedback short (attention resources)
  • use meaningful cues (selective attention)
  • allow rehearsal (memory processing)
  • group movement together (chunking)
35
Q

learning will be optimized with the learner is:

A
  • attending to task (attention resources)
  • motivated (selective attention)
  • integrate info to what they know (selective attention)
36
Q

what are the two theoretical frameworks for motor learning

A

schmidt’s schema theory
ecological theory

37
Q

3 types of non-declarative memory

A

non-associative, associative, and procedural

38
Q

schmidt’s schema theory

A

as people practice a task, they acquire general rules (schemas) about how to recognize the correct response and how to produce it

39
Q

schmidt’s schema theory is closely linked with what

A

generalized motor program

40
Q

generalized motor program

A

we have “programs” for a class of actions or patterns of movement (defined by invariant features) that can be modified to yield various outcomes

41
Q

after a GMP based movement attempt, info about the attempt is organized into what 2 schemas

A

recall and recognition

42
Q

recall schema (motor)

A

houses relationship between the parameters and outcome

43
Q

recognition schemas

A
  • used to evaluate the response
  • monitors ongoing action and helps to adjust
  • uses error info to update schemas
44
Q

ecological theory

A

emphasizes dynamic exploratory activity of the perceptual/motor workspace in order to create optimal strategies for performing a task

Motor Control (21 decks)

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