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Motor Control > Peds > Flashcards

Peds Flashcards

1
Q

Novel skills emerge from ___________ of child with tasks and environment

A

interaction

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2
Q

____________ develops simultaneously with ____________, and is functionally linked to these tasks from the start

A

postural control
mobility and manipulative skills

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3
Q

development of postural control is ________ for development of independent mobility, reaching, etc…

A

essential

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4
Q

development of postural control is due to interactions in several systems including: (6)

A

1 - changes in msk system (biomech, growth/anthro)
2 - develop motor strategies/neuromuscular synergies
3 - develop sensory systems
4 - develop sensory strategies for organizing multiple inputs
5 - develop internal mapping
6 - develop adaptive and anticipatory mechanisms

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5
Q

postural control in each position is ______ based on child’s experience and ___________ in that position

A

learned
active, task-oriented practice

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6
Q

in each position, infant gradually learns to control newly added _______ and _________ in that position to their own action

A

DOF
maps sensory perception

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7
Q

Newborns have poor head control due to lack of ________________ but some innate abilities exist

A

strength and organized muscle activity

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8
Q

newborns produce graded and appropriate response to _________ and _________ of visual flow

A

direction and velocity

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9
Q

new borns develop ___________ at 2 months (& _______ holding of head with added visual stimulus

A

vestibular antigravity responses
stronger

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10
Q

innate abilities exist, but infants need ______ and ________ for visual/postural coupling

A

experience
self-produced movements

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11
Q

Early sitters ____ DOF. With experience, gradually ______ for increased variability and adaptability

A

freeze
free DOF

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12
Q

T or F muscle synergies (in response to perturbations) are present at 1 month

A

true but not reliable

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13
Q

muscle synergies are present at 1 mth but more complete responses once…

A

independent sitting is achieved at 7 mth
- need experience and movement in this position

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14
Q

anticipatory motor control is present at _______ but by 9 months infants activate…

A

3months
postural muscles consistently in advance of reach most of the time

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15
Q

infants with little sitting experience have _________ in the moving room. With increased sitting experience, responses become modulated as child learns to __________________

A

complete LOB
map visual sensory info into their postural activity

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16
Q

infants initially rely heavily on _____ for postural control

A

vision

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17
Q

T or F if you take away vision, 0-3 yo. somatosensory and vestibular system cannot elicit a response

A

F, they can. These systems are available early on but not preferred

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18
Q

with _____ and _____ infants more often show complete postural responses they can modulate more appropriately

A

practice
experience

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19
Q

What are some big differences with standing vs sitting?

A

smaller BOS
unfreeze DOF
COM higher
diff perception of world/more environment to explore

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20
Q

Why does postural control in sitting get worse as standing balance emerges?

A

recalibrating sensorimotor maps for postural control

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21
Q

exploratory vs performatory sway

A

explore - new position boundaries
perf - occurs during task

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22
Q

Where is COM for kids vs adults?

A

T12 kids L4-5 adults

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23
Q

T or F: muscle strength is the rate limiting factor for early stance aquisition

A

F, kids need to build synergies from distal ankle up during pull-to-stand months

24
Q

sway _______ is adult-like by 9-12 y eyes open, 12-15 y eyes closed
sway ____ is adult-like by 12-15 years

A

amplitude
velocity

25
Q

compared to adults, reactive muscle responses are ____________, causing compensatory postural adjustments that………

A

variable and slower
last longer and produce greater amplitude sway

26
Q

As early as _____ children have anticipatory responses for movement. When are they adult like?

A

10 month
4-6 years old

27
Q

What will happen if children only have vestibular information for postural control?

A

they’ll fall

28
Q

when can children reweight to solve sensory conflicts

A

10 years old

29
Q

Young children (4-6 y.o. shower greater deterioration of performance in ___________ vs older children (7-13 y.o)

A

dual task

30
Q

children 4-11 yrs swayed ___ when cog task was more __________

A

less
difficult/engaging

31
Q

individuals with CP will fall ______ than typically developing peers

A

more often

32
Q

postural control deficits = ________ deficits

A

mobility

33
Q

What is the big issue with the “crouched” posture (due to limited ROM) that kids with CP display?

A

crouched posture, even in TD children results in significant co-activation of muscles in response to perturbation

34
Q

can alignment alone influence what strategies are effective and how muscles are recruited?

A

absolutely, think kids with cp

35
Q

Children with CP and TD wearing solid AFOs demonstrated…

A
  • decrease use of ankle strategy
  • delayed onset or no ankle muscle activity
  • increase use of hip and trunk muscles
36
Q

AFO study suggests available ROM has a significant impact on ________ and _________ of muscles used for postural control

A

timing
sequencing

37
Q

postural sway is greater in _____- and more _______ in some children with CP vs TD peers

A

amplitude
“regular”

38
Q

is “regular” postural sway a good thing for kids with CP?

A

no. Increased regularity means decreased automaticity for postural control and decreased adaptability

39
Q

Providing _______ improved sway amplitude and regularity in kids with CP

A

concurrent visual feedback

40
Q

what are two sequencing problems that kids with CP experience

A
  • reversal in muscle recruitment (proc to distal)
  • coactivation of agonists/antagonists
41
Q

is coactivation an efficient response to perturbation

A

nope

42
Q

is reflex excitability (spasticity) the primary impairement for delayed activation of postural responses?

A

no, regruitment and regulation of firing frequency may be the primary impairment

43
Q

children with CP have difficulty __________ of in response to varying perturbations

A

scaling amplitude

44
Q

Do kids with CP activate postural muscles in advance of voluntary movement?

A

no

45
Q

Do children with CP have primary sensory impairments?

A

yes, especially vision

46
Q

children with CP have difficulty with sensory ______ and __________

A

selection and reweighting

47
Q

when SS was unreliable, children with CP were _____________ compared to TD peers without vision and with unreliable vision

A

more unstable (swayed more, faster LOB)

48
Q

_______ interference contributes significantly to postural instability in children with CP

A

dual task

49
Q

children with CP were significantly ____________ on secondary task when in narrow vs wide stance condition

A

less accurate

50
Q

individuals with DS have __________ of falls throughout their lifespand

A

increase risk

51
Q

What are 2 MSK impairments individuals with DS experience

A

hypotonia
hypermobility/joint laxity

52
Q

what are two reactive motor coordination probs those with DS experience

A

-delayed recruitment of proximal synergists leads to excessive motion at knee and hip
- coactivation of agonist/antagonist

53
Q

stretch reflex responses in those with DS are the same as TD, thus postural control differences are not due to _________

A

hypotonia and delayed DTR itself

54
Q

T or F those with DS often do not activate or don’t activate enough postural muscle in advance of voluntary movements

A

T

55
Q

those with DS have sensory _______ probs

A

selection

56
Q

those with DS are unable to ____________ responses to changing task situations

A

adapt/attenuate

Motor Control (21 decks)

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