Types of mutations Flashcards
what is a point mutation
A mutation that affects a single base pair within a gene.
what are the two types of point mutations
- substitution
- insertion
what are the three different classifications of substitution
- synonymous mutations
- missense mutations
- nonsense mutations
what is the classification of insertion and deletions
- frameshift mutations
what is substitution
A substitution mutation is a mutation in which a single nucleotide is swapped for another.
what are synonymous mutations
Also referred to as silent mutations. Are mutations that involve the DNA codon for one amino acid to become the DNA codon for the same amino acid.
what is a missense mutation
A mutation that involves the DNA codon of one amino acid being replaced by a different amino acid in the encoded protein.
what is a nonsense mutation
Mutations that involve the DNA codon for one amino acid to change to one that codes for a stop codon.
what is an insertion
An insertion mutation is the addition of one or more nucleotides at a site within the original gene sequence.
what is a deletion
A deletion mutation is the loss of nucleotides from a site within the original gene.
what are frameshift mutations
A frameshift mutation is a mutation that changes the reading frame used in translation, during polypeptide synthesis.
what are the types of mutations
- neutral mutations
- deleterious mutations
- beneficial mutations
describe neutral mutations
A mutation that has no effect on an organisms chances of survival and reproduction.
describe deleterious mutations
A mutation that decreases an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction. Can stop or alter the production of proteins.
describe beneficial mutations
A mutation that increases an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction. This can lead to variation in a species.
