Bacteria

Question 1

What is a bacteria?

Answer 1

Unicellular organisms that do not have a nuclear membrane or membrane-bound organelles.

Question 2

List 5 structural characteristics of a bacteria.

Answer 2

1. Uniceullar and prokatyotic.
2. No membrane-bound organelles.
3. Have circular DNA and plasmids.
4. Flagella for movement.
5. Reproduce by binary fission.

Question 3

What are the 3 methods bacteria can cause disease?

Answer 3

1. Release toxins that disrupt cell function or kill cells.
2. Damage host tissues directly.
3. May induce an immune response so strong that it damages the host cells.

Question 4

List 2 examples of a bacteria.

Answer 4

1. Tuberculosis.
2. Crown Gall disease.

Question 5

What is the invasion method of tuberculosis?

Answer 5

Enters through mucus membranes in the mouth, lungs and nose.

Question 6

What is the transmission method of tuberculosis?

Answer 6

Direct - close contact via droplets from coughing and sneezing.
Indirect - airborne droplets (formities).

Question 7

What are 2 methods of treatment for tuberculosis?

Answer 7

1. Antibiotics.
2. Vaccination.

Question 7

List 4 symptoms of tuberculosis.

Answer 7

1. Coughing.
2. Fever.
3. Night sweats.
4. Chills.

Question 7

Outline the 6 steps of the life cycle of tuberculosis.

Answer 7

1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) enters the lungs.
2. MTB is ingested by macrophages.
3. MTB multiplies in white blood cells.
4. White blood cell bursts releasing MTB to enter more white blood cells.
5. Tubercle forms in the lungs.
6. Tubercule ruptures in the lung and MTB is coughed out.

Question 8

What are the 3 invasion methods of Crown gall disease?

Answer 8

1. Attracted to open wounds by sugars being released.
2. Flagellated bacterium enters roots through the open wound.
3. Attaches to cell and plasmid DNA and is inserted into plant DNA.

Question 9

What is the transmission method of Crown gall disease?

Answer 9

Indirect contact from soil reservoirs or fomites (tools).

Question 10

What are 3 methods of treatment/management strategies for Crown gall disease?

Answer 10

1. Disinfecting tools.
2. Treat infected soil.
3. Remove and burn infected plants.

Question 11

List 4 symptoms of Crown gall disease.

Answer 11

1. Tumours on roots and stems.
2. Galls prevent the movement of water and nutrients.
3. Stunted growth.
4. Changes in gene expression and hormone production.

Question 12

Outline the 4 steps of the life cycle of Crown gall disease.

Answer 12

1. Bacteria enter the roots from the soil through wounds.
2. Bacteria transfer some DNA plasmids to plant cells.
3. Bacteria reproduce in root cells forming galls.
4. Galls detach and release flagellated bacteria into the soil.