Evidence for evolution - Comparative Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is comparative anatomy?

A

Is the study of the similarities and differences in structure between different organisms.

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2
Q

What are structural features also called?

A

Morphological features.

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3
Q

What is embryology?

A

Is the study of the anatomy of embryos and how they develop over time until the adult stage.

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4
Q

What is comparative embryology?

A

Is used to establish evolutionary relationships and common ancestry. Some vertebrates possess traits that are present in the embryos but not in adults. These traits had a function in ancestors, but do not have one in the adult stage of organisms. Therefore comparative embryology suggests they all share a common ancestor.

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5
Q

What are 5 characteristics that vertebrae embryos share?

A
  1. Pharyngeal slits
  2. Absence of paired appendages
  3. Well-developed post-anal tail
  4. Two-chambered heart
  5. Similiar levels of brain development
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6
Q

What are vestigial structures?

A

A structure that during the course of evolution, has been reduced in size or has lost its function.

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7
Q

What are homologous structures?

A

A feature with a similar structure but different function in different organisms. Homologous structures are a form of divergent evolution, as these structures show divergence over time to better suit their environment.

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8
Q

What is an example of homologous structures?

A

The pentadactyl limb and the bones in the forearm.

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9
Q

What are analogous structures?

A

Are different structures with the same function. Analogous structures are a form of convergent evolution in which organisms evolve independently.

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10
Q

What is an example of analogous structures?

A

The wing of a bat, bird and insects.

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11
Q

What is divergent evolution?

A

Is when populations of a species differentiate to become separate species.

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12
Q

What is convergent evolution?

A

Occurs when spieces that are not closely related independently develop similar adaptations to their environment.

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