Translation

Question 1

what is translation

Answer 1

Translation is the process of creating proteins from an mRNA template and occurs in the ribosomes.

Question 2

what are ribosomes made up of?

Answer 2

Made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA

Question 3

where can ribosomes be found?

Answer 3

• Cytoplasm
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 4

what do ribosomes in the cell produce?

Answer 4

proteins that remain in the cell

Question 5

what do ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum produce?

Answer 5

proteins that are secreted by the cell.

Question 6

what two parts make up a ribosome?

Answer 6

1. large subunit
2. small subunit

Question 7

What is a codon?

Answer 7

A codon consists of three bases and codes for a particular amino acid.

Question 8

what is the role of tRNA?

Answer 8

tRNA’s role is to carry amino acids into the ribosome. It is a single strand of RNA and consists of an anti-codon which is a sequence of three bases that are complimentary to the codon on mRNA.

Question 9

what is the start codon?

Answer 9

AUG

Question 10

what are the stop codons?

Answer 10

UAG, UAA, UGA

Question 11

describe the six steps of the process of translation

Answer 11

1. The mRNA strand will attach to the small subunit of a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
2. The start codon (AUG) will signal the start of translation and the large subunit will bind on.
3. tRNA will move into the ribosome to match with the codon and release its amino acid.
4. tRNA will continue moving into the ribosome and releasing and attaching its amino acids.
5. Eventually the strand will reach a stop codon and the ribosome will detach.
6. The polypeptide is released and folded into a protein.