Mitosis

Question 1

what is mitosis

Answer 1

mitosis is a form of cell division and is a continuous process. It is a nuclear and cellular division responsible for growth, repair and replacement.

Question 2

what are the different components of the cell cycle

Answer 2

1. G1 phase
2. Synthesis phase
3. G2 phase
4. mitosis

Question 3

what are the different phases of mitosis

Answer 3

1. Interphase
2. Prophase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase

Question 4

describe the G1 phase

Answer 4

New proteins are produced, they grow and carry out normal tasks. Cells may re-enter the first growth phase again or they can rest for a few days, months or years in the G zero phase

Question 5

describe the synthesis phase

Answer 5

DNA will duplicate and chromosomes will make copies of themselves

Question 6

describe the G2 phase

Answer 6

molecules are assembled to prepare for cell division

Question 7

describe prophase

Answer 7

The centrioles move to the poles and begin to produce spindle fibres. The nuclear membrane breaks down and chromosomes are released into the cytoplasm.

Question 8

describe metaphase

Answer 8

chromosomes line up around the equator of the cell. Spindle fibres attach to the centromeres and pull them to the poles of the cell

Question 9

describe anaphase

Answer 9

Chromosomes separate at the centromere and are pulled to the poles of the cell by spindle fibres

Question 10

describe telophase

Answer 10

Chromosomes form tight groups at each pole and nuclear membrane forms. The spindle fibres disappear and the cell is pinched into two daughter cells, initiating cytokinesis

Question 11

describe cytokinesis in general/in animals

Answer 11

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm. A furrow develops between two nuclei which deepen and cuts the cytoplasm in half, which results in two daughter cells

Question 12

describe cytokinesis in plants

Answer 12

A new cell membrane and wall if formed between the two daughter cells. The cell plate is deposited in the centre of the cell and grows outwards until complete.

Question 13

Outline the steps of binary fission in prokaryotes

Answer 13

1. Single chromosome is tightly coiled.
2. Genetic material in chromosomes and any plasmids are replicated and separated.
3. Original and replicated chromosomes attach to the cell membrane and are pulled to separate parts of the cell.
4. New cell wall grows and a cleavage furrow develops in the cell membrane.
5. New cell wall fully develops.
6. Cytokinesis occurs forming two identical daughter cells.

Question 14

what is different between binary fission and mitosis

Answer 14

binary fission is much faster