Types And Methods Of Practice

Question 1

What is massed practice?

Answer 1

When there is no breaks between trials

TTTTTTTTTTTTT

Question 2

Positives of massed practice (3)

Answer 2

• Maximises practice time
• Essential skills are overlearned
• Fitness is developed

Question 3

Negatives of massed practice (3)

Answer 3

• Not applicable to high intensity skills
• Requires high motivation levels
• No time for guidance / feedback

Question 4

What is distributed practice?

Answer 4

The inclusion of breaks between trials

TTT——TTT——TTT

Question 5

Positives of distributed practice (3)

Answer 5

• Time for guidance / feedback
• Can be used for high intensity skills
• Can be used by less motivated performers

Question 6

Negatives of distributed practice (3)

Answer 6

• Less time efficient
• Breaks may cause distractions
• Not applicable for autonomous learners (want fewer stops)

Question 7

What is fixed practice?

Answer 7

Practice in a stable / predictable environment in unchanging conditions

Question 8

Positives of fixed practice (3)

Answer 8

• Useful for closed skills
• Unlikely to confuse
• Focusses on basic techniques

Question 9

Negatives of fixed practice (3)

Answer 9

• Not applicable to open / complex skills
• No adaptations
• May start to become boring after a while

Question 10

What is varied practice?

Answer 10

Practice in an unstable / unpredictable environment in changing conditions

Question 11

Positives of varied practice (3)

Answer 11

• Useful for open / complex skills
• Improves decision making
• Prevents boredom

Question 12

Negatives of varied practice (3)

Answer 12

• Can be overwhelming
• Not relevant to closed skills
• Core skills need learning first

Question 13

What is whole practice?

Answer 13

Coaching an entire skill. It is not broken down into subroutines

Question 14

Positives of whole practice (3)

Answer 14

• Time efficient
• High fluency
• Performers gain a kinaesthetic sense of skill

Question 15

Negatives of whole practice (3)

Answer 15

• Information overload
• Physically fatiguing
• Weaker elements not practiced

Question 16

What is part practice?

Answer 16

A skill that is broken down into subroutines that are then practiced separately

Question 17

Positives of part practice (3)

Answer 17

• Useful for complex skills
• Useful for low organisation skills
• Allows performer to fine tune / refine technique

Question 18

Negatives of part practice (3)

Answer 18

• No kinaesthetic sense of skill
• Time consuming
• Performer may lack understanding

Question 19

What is whole-part-whole practice?

Answer 19

A skill is performed, errors in technique are detected and refined, then the skill is performed as a whole again to see if errors have been corrected

Question 20

Positives of whole-part-whole practice (3)

Answer 20

• Allows for error detection
• Helpful for autonomous learners
• Detailed understanding of skill

Question 21

Negatives of whole-part-whole practice (3)

Answer 21

• Time consuming
• Not applicable to beginners
• Not applicable to groups

Question 22

What is progressive-part practice?

Answer 22

Part of skill is isolated and practiced. The next part is then isolated and practiced. The first and second are then practiced together (chaining)

A-B-AB-C-ABC

Question 23

Positives of progressive-part practice (3)

Answer 23

• Useful for serial skills
• Builds relationships between elements
• Used for routines

Question 24

Negatives of progressive-part practice (3)

Answer 24

• Time consuming
• No overall kinaesthetic sense
• Not useful for discrete skills