Tumour Pathology 1- updated cards Flashcards
Name the three places our tissues are derived from embryologically.
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Which types of tissues are derived from the ectoderm?
Skin
Neurons
Meloncytes
Which types of cell are derived from the mesoderm?
Muscle
Blood
Bone
Cartilage
Endothelium
Serous membranes
Which types of cell are derived from the endoderm?
Lining of gut
Lining of airways
Glands
Define hyperplasia
An increase in the size of an organ due to an increase in the number of cells
Define hypertrophy
An increase in the size of an organ due to an increase in the number of cells
May be physiological or pathological
Define atrophy
A decrease in an organ due to a reduction in the size and/or number of cells
May be physiological or pathological
Define metaplasia
The complete transformation of one differentiated cell type into a different differentiated cell type
In terms of metaplasia, which cell type may change to another in the oesophagus?
Squamous to glandular
In terms of metaplasia, which cell type may change to another in the cervix?
Glandular to squamous
In terms of metaplasia, which cell type may change to another in the respiratory system?
Columnar to squamous (
Define tumour
Swelling of any sort but usually refers to a neoplasm
Define neoplasia
An abnormal growth of tissue due to uncoordinated proliferation
What is a benign neoplasm?
A neoplasm that does not invade or metastasise
What is cancer?
A non-specific, non-technical term for a malignant neoplasm
How are benign tissues named?
After the type of tissue the tumour arises from
Where would fibroma arise from?
Fibrous tissue
Where would leiomyoma arise from?
Smooth muscle
Where would Angioma arise from?
Blood vessels
Define carcinoma.
A cancer arising in the epithelial tissue.
Give two examples of carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma
What is more common- sarcoma or carcinoma?
Carcinoma
Define sarcoma.
A cancer arising in connective tissue.
However, not everything end in ‘oma is a neoplasm.
What is meant by the following-
Granuloma
Xanthoma
Atheroma
Granuloma - collection of epithelioid histiocytes
Xanthoma - collection of foamy macrophages
Atheroma - degenerative process of arteries leading to an accumulation of fatty material in the vessel wall
