Circulation Shock

Question 1

What is circulatory shock?

Answer 1

Profound circulatory failure causing poor perfusion of vital organs
[Not psycological or electrical – so a poor term to use with patients!]

Question 2

In practice, shock=?

Answer 2

Low blood pressure and its physiological consequences

Question 3

Arteries have elastic tissue suroundsing htem- what does this allow them to do?

Answer 3

The whole vessel is elastic like and ‘springy’, allowing it to collapse when no blood is in it or open up when blood is present

Question 4

What is normal arterial blood pressure?

Answer 4

120/80

Question 5

Is venous pressure lower or higher than arterial bp?

Answer 5

Much lower

Question 6

What does normal blood pressure require?

Answer 6

1. Enough blood in system (about 5 litres in an adult)
2. Smooth muscle in vessels having a certain ‘tone’
3. Heart pumping blood

Question 7

How many litres of blood in an adult?

Answer 7

5L

Question 8

What happens if there’s no blood in the vessel?

Answer 8

No blood in vessel causes it to collapse and blood pressure becomes low then unrecordable

Question 9

What happens if the muscle tones decreases?

Answer 9

vessel will dilate. if enough vessels dilate, bp will fall.

Question 10

What will appen if the heart doesn’t pump enough blood?

Answer 10

Blood pressure will fall.

Question 11

How does the body detect blood pressure and oxygen?

Answer 11

->carotid body and sinus on both sides which consist groups of cells which sense the partial pressure of oxygen.

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Question 12

How many carotid sinuses do we have?

Answer 12

2

Question 13

What senses if bp drops?

Answer 13

Carotid sinuses sense this

Question 14

How do carotids react if bp drops?

Answer 14

The carotid sinuses respond by nerve signals to the brain stem.
brain stem tells the heart to pump harder and faster via nerve signals.

Question 15

What happens to pulse if heart pups faster?

Answer 15

Pulse increases

Question 16

What is the physiological response to low blood pressure?

Answer 16

Faster pulse

Question 17

What does the sympathetic NS do in response to low bp?

Answer 17

Increased vascular tone in vessels in limbs and abdomen  blood pushed up to chest and head

Question 18

By increasing vascular tone, what happens to the blood?

Answer 18

Results in circulation of remaining blood around heart, lungs and brain – keeps vital organs alive

Question 19

What does adrenal glands secrete?

Answer 19

Adreneline.

Question 20

What does adrenline do to the heart?

Answer 20

Makes heart pump harder and faster.

Question 21

In practice, which two things must you have to have circulatory shock?

Answer 21

-Low blood pressure (eg 60/40)
Fast pulse (>100)

Question 22

What are the three main causes of circulatory shock?

Answer 22

1. Hypovolaemic
2. Septic
3. ardiogenic

Question 23

what does hypovolaemic shock mean?

Answer 23

Low volume of blood shock

Question 24

What does the spleen contain?

Answer 24

Blood

Question 25

Bleeding into anywhere in the body is called??

Answer 25

Haemorage

Question 26

List some other symtoms of low bp.

Answer 26

-Patient usually feels very ‘ill’
-Rapid breathing.
-Fast heartbeat – pulse fast and may be weak
-Pale, sweaty skin

Question 27

Describe hypovolaemic shock.

Answer 27

-Low blood pressure reflects severe reduction in amount of blood in circulation
-High pulse reflects physiological response to low blood pressure

Question 28

Giv two complications of shock

Answer 28

-Decreased perfusion (ischaemia) of brain  initially reversible but then permanent (= infarcts)
-Decreased perfusion of kidneys  initially reversible, then more severe (ischaemic necrosis of renal tubules)

Question 29

Name 2 organs which can be damaged by shock, and what type of injury this is

Answer 29

Iscahemic shock.
Any organ really- brain, kidneys, liver, heart etc.