Storing and Using Genetic Information

Question 1

Define phenotype

Answer 1

Outward physical manifeetwtion of an organism

Question 2

Define genotype

Answer 2

Full hereditary info of an organism even if it’s not expressed

Question 3

What does the function of protein depend on?

Answer 3

The sequence of amino acids

Question 4

What are the two groves of the double helix?

Answer 4

Major and minor groove

Question 5

Why do the base pairs come together?

Answer 5

Hydrogen bonding

Question 6

What name is given to the mixture of DNA, proteins and RNA which packages DNA into the cell

Answer 6

Chromatin

Question 7

Which two forms is chromatin divided into?

Answer 7

Heterochromatin
Euchromatic

Question 8

Is heterochromatin the condensed or extended for of chromatin?

Answer 8

Condensed form

Question 9

Is euchromatic the condensed or extended for of chromatin?

Answer 9

Extended form

Question 10

What do the processes of transcription and replication need the strands of DNA to do?

Answer 10

Separate to allow the enzymes access to the DNA template

Question 11

Which two mechanisms make chromatin more accessible?

Answer 11

Enzyme modification of histones
Displacement of histones by chromatin remodelling complexes

Question 12

What can pose barriers to enzymes trying to assist w transcription/ replication?

Answer 12

Nucleosomes
Folding of chromatin

Question 13

In which direction is DNA replicated?

Answer 13

5 to 3 direction

Question 14

In which stage of replication are the chromosomes most visible?

Answer 14

Metaphase

Question 15

What are exons?

Answer 15

Coding regions of DNA

Question 16

What are introns?

Answer 16

Non-coding regions of DNA

Question 17

Every three bases is known as a…?

Answer 17

Codon

Question 18

What does each codon code for?

Answer 18

An amino acid

Question 19

Four bases combine to give how many possible codons?

Answer 19

64

(4 to the power of 4)

Question 20

In reality, how many codons are there?

Answer 20

Twenty as only twenty amino acids they can code for

Question 21

What would a mutated haemoglobin gene cause?

Answer 21

Sickle cell anaemia

Question 22

How is mRNA produced?

Answer 22

Transcribed from DNA

Question 23

What does mRNA do?

Answer 23

Carry info for protein synthesis

Question 24

How is DNA turned into mRNA?

Answer 24

Transcription

Question 25

What process happens to mRNA

Answer 25

Alternative splicing

Question 26

How does mRNA become a DNA sequence?

Answer 26

Translation

Question 27

What is rRNA?

Answer 27

A component of ribosomes

Question 28

Where is rRNA transported and what happens when it’s there?

Answer 28

Transported to the cytoplasm where it is combined with protein to produce ribosomes