Therapeutic Treatments- cancer Flashcards
What are the two types of therapeutic options?
Prevention
Treatment
Name some of prevention options to prevent patients needing treatment.
-environment / behaviour change
-diet
-screening
-genetics
-medication / vaccination
Name some of the treatments of cancer.
-surgery
-radiotherapy
-systemic therapy
-immunotherapy
What link is there between diet and colorectal cancer?
High intake of red meat may increase risks of colorectal cancer .
What is the link between diet and breast cancer?
High intake of saturated fat may increase risks of breast cancer.
List some of the public policies that have been out in place to help prevent cancer,
-smoking in public places
-minimal alcohol pricing
-vaccination : HPV / Hep B
-opportunities via schools : physical activity / school meals etc
Name the screening for cervical cancer.
Smear test
Name the screening for colorectal cancer (bowel cancer).
Faecal occult blood
Name the screening for breast cancer.
Mammography
Name the screening for lung cancer.
MR / CT scanning
Name the screening for prostate cancer.
PSA blood test
Name the ocal or regional treatment therapeutic options.
-surgery
- radiotherapy
- ablation (freezing, radio-frequency, etc)
- isolated limb perfusion
Name some of the systemic tretaments.
- hormonal therapy
- chemotherapy
- biological therapy
- immunotherapy
- CAR T-cell therapy
- whole body irradiation (for BMT)
How can we find out where the cancer is>
- examination
- use of radiology / imaging (CT, MIR, etc).
How can radiotherapy help to do?
- can treat inoperable lesions
- can make surgery become possible
- can maintain function/ appearance
What does radiotherapy need?
Needs anatomical coverage
List the five R’s of radiotherapy.
- radiosensitivity
- repair
- re-population
- re- oxygenation
- re-assortment
Why does re-oxygenation help with the cure of cancer?
Oxygen helps to react with radiation and and cause much more significant damage to the cancer cells.
Describe re-assortment.
Killing cancer cells when they are most sensitive during the cell cycle.
Which phases of the cell cycle are cells most sensitive?
G2 and M
Name a positive and a negative of systemic treatment.
Positive- beneficial for widespread disease
Negative- can spread and impaact areas of the body that are not involved
Define curative in terms of chemo.
Curative chemotherapy is chemotherapy administered with the goal of achieving a complete remission and preventing the recurrence of cancer
Define adjuvant in terms of chemo.
Adjuvant chemotherapy is chemo that you get after your primary treatment, such as surgery or radiation
Define neoadjuvant in terms of chemo.
Treatment given as a first step to shrink a tumor before the main treatment, which is usually surgery, is given
Define palliative in terms of chemo.
Chemotherapy that is given in the non-curative setting to optimize symptom control, improve quality of life (QoL) and, ideally, to improve survival.