Therapeutic Treatments- cancer

Question 1

What are the two types of therapeutic options?

Answer 1

Prevention
Treatment

Question 2

Name some of prevention options to prevent patients needing treatment.

Answer 2

-environment / behaviour change
-diet
-screening
-genetics
-medication / vaccination

Question 3

Name some of the treatments of cancer.

Answer 3

-surgery
-radiotherapy
-systemic therapy
-immunotherapy

Question 4

What link is there between diet and colorectal cancer?

Answer 4

High intake of red meat may increase risks of colorectal cancer .

Question 5

What is the link between diet and breast cancer?

Answer 5

High intake of saturated fat may increase risks of breast cancer.

Question 6

List some of the public policies that have been out in place to help prevent cancer,

Answer 6

-smoking in public places
-minimal alcohol pricing
-vaccination : HPV / Hep B
-opportunities via schools : physical activity / school meals etc

Question 7

Name the screening for cervical cancer.

Answer 7

Smear test

Question 8

Name the screening for colorectal cancer (bowel cancer).

Answer 8

Faecal occult blood

Question 9

Name the screening for breast cancer.

Answer 9

Mammography

Question 10

Name the screening for lung cancer.

Answer 10

MR / CT scanning

Question 11

Name the screening for prostate cancer.

Answer 11

PSA blood test

Question 12

Name the ocal or regional treatment therapeutic options.

Answer 12

-surgery
- radiotherapy
- ablation (freezing, radio-frequency, etc)
- isolated limb perfusion

Question 13

Name some of the systemic tretaments.

Answer 13

• hormonal therapy
• chemotherapy
• biological therapy
• immunotherapy
• CAR T-cell therapy
• whole body irradiation (for BMT)

Question 14

How can we find out where the cancer is>

Answer 14

• examination
• use of radiology / imaging (CT, MIR, etc).

Question 15

How can radiotherapy help to do?

Answer 15

• can treat inoperable lesions
• can make surgery become possible
• can maintain function/ appearance

Question 16

What does radiotherapy need?

Answer 16

Needs anatomical coverage

Question 17

List the five R’s of radiotherapy.

Answer 17

• radiosensitivity
• repair
• re-population
• re- oxygenation
• re-assortment

Question 18

Why does re-oxygenation help with the cure of cancer?

Answer 18

Oxygen helps to react with radiation and and cause much more significant damage to the cancer cells.

Question 19

Describe re-assortment.

Answer 19

Killing cancer cells when they are most sensitive during the cell cycle.

Question 20

Which phases of the cell cycle are cells most sensitive?

Answer 20

G2 and M

Question 21

Name a positive and a negative of systemic treatment.

Answer 21

Positive- beneficial for widespread disease
Negative- can spread and impaact areas of the body that are not involved

Question 22

Define curative in terms of chemo.

Answer 22

Curative chemotherapy is chemotherapy administered with the goal of achieving a complete remission and preventing the recurrence of cancer

Question 23

Define adjuvant in terms of chemo.

Answer 23

Adjuvant chemotherapy is chemo that you get after your primary treatment, such as surgery or radiation

Question 24

Define neoadjuvant in terms of chemo.

Answer 24

Treatment given as a first step to shrink a tumor before the main treatment, which is usually surgery, is given

Question 25

Define palliative in terms of chemo.

Answer 25

Chemotherapy that is given in the non-curative setting to optimize symptom control, improve quality of life (QoL) and, ideally, to improve survival.