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Neurology - professional - batt > Tremor > Flashcards

Tremor Flashcards

1
Q

What is tremor?

A

rhythmic sinusiodal oscillation of a body part

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2
Q

What is tics?

A

involuntary stereotyped movements of vocalizations, usually due to alternate activaion of agonist and antagonist muscles

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3
Q

What is chorea?

A

bried irregular puropseless movements which flit and flow from one body part to another

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4
Q

What is myoclonus??

A

brief electric-shock like jerks

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5
Q

What is dystonia?

A

abnormal posture of the affected body part

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6
Q

How is tremor classified?

A

by position; distribution; frequency and amplitude

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7
Q

What are the causes of resting tremor?

A

PD; drug-induced parkinsonism; psychogenic tremor

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8
Q

What are the causes of a postural tremor?

A

essential tremor; enhanced physiological tremor and termor associated with neuropathy (lost proprioception)

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9
Q

What are the causes of a kinetic tremor?

A

cerebellar disease and wilsons

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10
Q

What is dystonic tremor?

A

tremor produced by dystonic muscle contraction

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11
Q

What are the first line treatments for dystonic tremor?

A

propanolol and primidone

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12
Q

What is dystonia?

A

involuntary sustained muscle contraction which leads to twisting and repeptitive movemnt or abnormal posturing

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13
Q

What are the physiological abnormalities found in dystonia?

A

loss or reduction in reciprocal inhibition; alterations in brain plasticity and alterations in sensory function

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14
Q

What is the inheritance of torsion dystonia?

A

autosomal dominant

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15
Q

When does torsion dystonia start?

A

before the age of 28, usually childhood

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16
Q

Where does torsion dystonia often begin?

A

in a limb- usually legs

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17
Q

What treatment can be given for focal dystonia?

A

botulinum toxin

18
Q

What is the surgical treatment for generalised dystonia?

A

deep brain stimulation

19
Q

What is the most common cause of inherited chorea?

A

Huntington’s disease

20
Q

What is an autoimmune cause of chorea?

A

SLE

21
Q

What can cause paroxysmal chorea?

A

PD

22
Q

What is Huntington’s disease?

A

AD neurodegenerative disorder characterised by progressive behavioural disturbance, dementia and movement disorder- usually chorea

23
Q

What happens to th gene with Huntington’s?

A

CAG triplet-repeat exapansion affecting the huntingtons gene on chromosome 4

24
Q

What is copropraxia?

A

production of obscene gestures

25
Q

What is echopraxia?

A

copying the movements of others

26
Q

What is coprolalia?

A

saying obsecene words

27
Q

What is echolalia?

A

copying the words of others

28
Q

What is palilalia?

A

repitition of the same phrase, word or syllable

29
Q

When do primary tic disorders usually start?

A

childhood

30
Q

What psychopathology can be associated with tics?

A

OCD; ADHD; anxiety and self-harm

31
Q

What is the main feature of tics tremor?

A

it is suppressible

32
Q

When does tourette syndrome begin?

A

<18 years

33
Q

What gender is mainly affected by tourettes?

A

males 4:1

34
Q

What is myoclonus caused by?

A

bried activation of a group of muscles leading to a jerk of the affectedf body part

35
Q

What is an example of negative myoclonus?

A

asterixis- temporary cessation of muscle activity

36
Q

What investigation is used to characterise myoclonus?

A

EEG

37
Q

What is juvenile myoclonus epilepsy?

A

myoclonic jerks and generliased seizures that begin as a teenager

38
Q

When do symptoms of juvenile myoclonus epilepsy tend to be worse?

A

in the mornings

39
Q

What are typical precipitants of myoclonic jerks and seizures in juvenile myoclonus epilepsy?

A

alcohol and sleep deprivation

40
Q

What can be used to treat juvenile myoclonus epilepsy?

A

sodium valproate and levetiracetam

Neurology - professional - batt (40 decks)

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