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Neurology - professional - batt > Anatomy of cranial nerves > Flashcards

Anatomy of cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What cranial nerves come from the forebrain?

A

CNI and II

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2
Q

What cranial nerves come from midbrain?

A

CNIII and IV

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3
Q

Which cranial nerve comes from pons?

A

CNV

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4
Q

Whhich cranial nerves come from the ponto-medullary junction?

A

CN VI, VII and VIII

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5
Q

What CNs come from the medullar?

A

IX, X and XII

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6
Q

What CNs come from the psinal cord?

A

XI

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7
Q

What separates the middle and psoterior cranial fossae?

A

ridge of petrous temproal bone and tentorium cerebelli

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8
Q

What CNs can be visualised at the ridge of the petrous temproal bone?

A

CNs III, IV and V

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9
Q

What division of the trigeminal nerve carries both sensory and motor fibres?

A

mandibular

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10
Q

What foramen does CNV1 travel through?

A

SOF

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11
Q

What foramen does CNV2 travel through?

A

foramen rotundum

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12
Q

What foramen does CNV3 travel through?

A

foramen ovale

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13
Q

What is the superficial sensory distribution of CNV1?

A

upper eyelid; cornea; all conjunctiva; root/bridge/tip of nose

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14
Q

What is the superficial sensory distribution of CNV2?

A

lower eyelid; skin over maxilla; ala of nose; upper lip

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15
Q

What is the superficial sensory distribtion of CNV3?

A

skin over mandible and TMJ

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16
Q

What nerve supplies the angle of the mandible?

A

great auricular nerve

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17
Q

What is the deep sensory innervation of CNV1?

A

bones and soft tissues of orbit(except floor); upper ant. nasal cavity; paranasal sinsues (except antrum); anterior and posterior cranial fossae

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18
Q

What is the deep sensory innervation of CNV2?

A

lower posteiror nasal cavity; maxilla and antrum; floor od nasal cavity/palate; maxillary teeth and assoc. soft tissue

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19
Q

What is the deep sensory innervation of CNV3?

A

middle cranial fossa; mandible; anterior 2/3rds of tongue; floor of mouth; buccal mucosa; mandibular teeth and assoc. soft tissues

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20
Q

Where is the trigeminal sensory ganglion located?

A

middle cranial fossa

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21
Q

What are the 3 pairs of jaw closing muscles?

A

massseter; temporalis and medial pterygoid

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22
Q

What are the attachments of masseter?

A

angle of mandible to sygomatic arch

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23
Q

What are the attachments of temporalis?

A

coronoid process of mandible to lateral aspect of cranium

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24
Q

What are the attachments of medial pterygoid?

A

angle of mandible to ptyerygoid plates of sphenoid

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25
Q

What is the jaw opening muscle?

A

lateral pterygoid

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26
Q

What are the attachemnts of lateral ptyerygoid?

A

condyle of mandible and articular disc of TMJ to pterygoid plates of sphenoid

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27
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

A

stylomastoid foramen

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28
Q

How does the facial nerve trave lfrom the IAM to the stylomastoid foramen?

A

through the facial canal in petrous temporal bone

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29
Q

What branch does the facial nerve give off in the middle ear?

A

chorda tympani

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30
Q

What does chorda tympani carry?

A

taste; parasymp to salivary glands

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31
Q

What is the function of stapedius?

A

protects internal ear against excessive noise

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32
Q

what is the function of tensor tympani?

A

dampens noise produced by chewing

33
Q

What nerve does the chorda tympani join with?

A

lingual nerve (CNV3)

34
Q

What does the muscles of facial expression orginiate and insert onto?

A

originiate on bone and insert into superficial fascia

35
Q

What are the 4 muscles of facial expression?

A

frontalis; orbicularis oculi; elevators of lips; orbicularis oris

36
Q

What are the 5 branches of facial nerve to facial expression?

A

temporal; zygomatic; buccal; marginal mandibular; cervical

37
Q

What muscle is located deep to the buccal fat pad?

A

buccinator

38
Q

What nerve forms the afferent limb of the gag reflex?

39
Q

What is the general sensory distribution of CNIX?

A

post. 1/3rd tongue; nasopharynx; oropharynx and som larygnopharynx; palatine tonsil; eustachian tube and middle ear cavity

40
Q

What ar ethe visceral afferents carried by CNIX?

A

carotid sinus baroreceptors and carotid body chemoreceptors

41
Q

What is the special sensory in CNIX?

A

to vallate papillae of post 1/3rd of tongue

42
Q

How does the vagus nerve travel down the neck?

A

in the carotid sheath

43
Q

Aside from the vagus nerve, what travels in the carotid sheath?

A

IJV; CCA and deep cervical lymph nodes

44
Q

What is the difference between the right and left vagus nerves in the thorax?

A

right travles on the lateral aspect of the trachea and the left travels on the lateral aspecto f the aortic arch

45
Q

Do the vagus nerves pass anterior or posterior to the lung root?

46
Q

How far along the GI tract doe vagus innervate?

A

splenic flexure of the colon

47
Q

After the surface of the stomach where do the vagus nerves go next?

A

celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia

48
Q

How does the spinal accessory enter the cranial cavity?

A

through foramen magnum

49
Q

How does the spinal accessory exit the skull?

A

jugular foramen

50
Q

Where does spinal accessory travel once out of the jugular foramen?

A

travels deep to SCM then across the posterior trangle of neck and supply trapezius-deep to it

51
Q

What is the difference between the cervical plexus and spinal accessory given they all pass the nerve point?

A

cervical plexus doesnt pass deep to trapezius whereas spinal accessory does

52
Q

At what level does the hypoglossal go anterior to the tongue?

A

hyoid bone

53
Q

How does the hypoglossal nerve travel down the neck?

A

lateral to the carotid sheath

54
Q

How is the optic nerve tested?

A

light reflexes; visual fields; snellen

55
Q

How is trigeminal nerve tested?

A

facial sensations; powero f muscles of mastication

56
Q

How is facial nerve tested?

A

power of muscles of facial expression

57
Q

How is the vagus nerve tested?

A

elevation of soft palate; normal swallow and speech

58
Q

How is spinal accessory tested?

A

turning of head and shrugging shoudlers

59
Q

How is hypoglossal tested?

A

protusion of the tongue

60
Q

Which cranial nerve exits posteriorly?

61
Q

Which cranial nerve exits laterally?

62
Q

Which nerve is the only sensory modality that doesn’t synapse in the thalamus before the cortex?

63
Q

What cranial nerve nuclei are found in the midline?

A

III, IV and VI

64
Q

Where is Edinger-Westphal nucleus located?

A

superior colliculus

65
Q

Where is trochlear nucleus located?

A

inferior colliculus

66
Q

Where is the VI nuclei found?

A

floor of the 4th ventricle

67
Q

What is the function of the mesencephalic nucleus?

A

proprioception info from chewing muscles

68
Q

what is the function of the pontine trigeminal nucleus?

A

discriminative touch, vibration

69
Q

Waht is the function of the spinal nucleus?

A

pain and temp

70
Q

what are the 3 part s of the sensory nucleus of trigeminal?

A

mesencephalic; pontine trigeminal nucleus; spinal nucleus

71
Q

What is unusual about the mesencephalic nucleus?

A

only site in CNS where cell bodies of primary afferent nueurones are in CNS

72
Q

How do fibres from the facial motor nucleus leave the brainstem?

A

curve posteriorly around abducens nucleus

73
Q

What is the function of the solitary nucleus?

74
Q

What is the function of the commisural nucleus?

A

visceral information

75
Q

What is the modality of nucleus ambiguus?

A

motor to palate, pharynx and larynx

76
Q

Which cranial nerves contribute to the solitary and commisural nuclei?

A

VII; IX and X

77
Q

Where is the solitary nucleus?

A

upper and lower medulla

78
Q

What is the function of the corticobulbar tract?

A

part of pyramidal tract that is motor to cranial nerves

79
Q

Where is the parasympathetic imput to the cranial nerves from?

A

hypothalamus

Neurology - professional - batt (40 decks)

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