Neuroanatomy 4 Flashcards
In what direction do the cranial nerves exit the cranium generally?
anteriorly
What CN exits posteriorly?
CNIV
What CN exits laterally?
CNVIII
What side of the body would a lesion in the left cerebellum affect?
ipsilateral
Where are the soma of sensory nerve cells found?
ganglia
Which CN doesnt synapse in the thalamus before the cortex?
CNI
Where is the primary olfactory area?
medial temporal to basal frontal
Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons of CNIII located?
Edinger-Westphal nucleus
What muscles does hypoglossal nerve innervate?
genioglossus; hyoglossus; styloglossu and intrinsic tongue muscles
Where are the nuclei found in the brainstem generally for III, IV, VI and XII?
midline
Where does spinal accessory arise from?
cervical spinal cord
Where does the oculomotor nucleus lie?
midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus
Where is abducens nucelus?
beneath the floor of the 4th ventricle in caudal pons
Where is the hypoglossal nucleus?
beneath the floor of the 4th ventricle near the midline
Where do hypoglossal axons travel?
between pyramid and olive of medulla
Where does cranial root of accessory arise from?
nucelus ambiguus of medullar
What nerve does cranial accessory travel with?
CNX
What are the functions of the trigeminal nerve?
somatosensation of face; proprioception assoc. with chewing; motor control
What muscles does trigeminal nerve control?
muscles of mastication; tensor tympani; mylohyoid; ant. belly of digastric; tensor veli palatini
What is the function of mesencephalic nucleus?
receives proprioceptive info from muscles of mastication
What is the function of the pontine trigeminal nucleus?
receives fine touch and vibration
Where is the sensory nucleus of trigeminal?
long column of neurons from midbrain down to upper 2 segments of the cervical spinal cord
What are the 3 parts of the sensory nucleus?
mesencephalic nucleus; pontine trigeminal nucleus and spinal nucleus
Why is the mesencephalic nucleus unusual?
contains primary afferent neurons and is within the CNS
What are the function of CNVII?
motor; parasymp to salivary glands; taste
What are the function os CNIX?
general sensory from posterior tongue and upper pharynx; taste; parasymp to parotid gland; motor
What muscle does CNIX supply motor?
stylopharyngeus
How do motor fibres of CNVII leave pons?
loop around abducens nucleus
Where is the facial motor nucleus?
caudal pons close to the midline
Where do facial taste axons go?
solitary nucleus
Where is the solitary nucleus?
lateral to the facial motor nucleus
What ganglion do fibres from the solitary nucleus synapse?
geniculate ganglion
What other fibres synapse at the geniculate ganglion?
axons from the spinal trigeminal tract
What fibres from CNVII synapse in the spinal trigeminal nucelus?
somatosensation associated with the ear
Where is the geniculate ganglion located?
petrous temporal bone
Where do glossopharyngeal taste fibres go?
solitary nucleus
Where do motor fibres of glossopharyngeus originiate?
nucleus ambiguus
Where do parasympathetics of CNIX originate?
inferior salivatory nucleus
Where do parasympathetics of vagus originate?
dorsal nucleus
What vagus fibres are based in the solitary nucleus?
taste from epiglottis
Where do the motor fibres to pharynx and larynx of vagus originate?
nucleus ambiguus
What fibres of vagus orginiate in the spinal trigeminal nucleus?
pain from the dura and somatosensation from the ear
What information does the solitary nucleus receive?
taste and visceral sensory
What cranial nerves are involved in the solitary nucleus?
CNs VII; IX and X
What information are the superior and inferior salivatory nuclei invovled in sending?
parasympathetics to ganglio of salivary glands and pterygopalatine ganglion
What CNs are involved in the salivatory nuclei?
CNs VII and IX
What is the nucleus ambiguus involved in?
motor efferents to muscles of pharynx, larynx and upper oesophagus
What CNs are involved at nucleus ambiguus?
CNs IX; X( and cranial part of XI)
What is the shape of the solitary nucleus?
extends in a V-shape from upper to lower medulla
What nucleus is the solitary nucleus adjacent to?
commissual nucleus
What fibres does the commisural nucleus recieve?
visceral afferents
What fibres does CNIX carry to the commissural nucleus?
carotid sinus/body
What fibres does CNX carry to the commissural nucleus?
aortic arch and viscera (pulmonary stretch receptors)
What tract gives motor input to the CNs?
corticobulbar tract
What tract does the corticobulbar tract generally follow?
CST-except doesn’t get to pyramids
What CNs does the corticobulbar tract contribute motor fibres to?
CN V; VII; X and XII
