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Neurology - professional - batt > Neuroanatomy 2 > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the 2 enlargements of the spinal cord found?

A

in the cervical region and lumbar region

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2
Q

Why are there enlargements in the spinal cord?

A

relate to the innnervation of the upper and lower limbs

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3
Q

What do roots pass through to reach their intervertebral foramen?

A

subarachnoid space

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4
Q

What is the posterior root enlarged by as it passes through the intervertebral foramen?

A

posterior root ganglion

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5
Q

What is the end of the spinal cord called?

A

conus medullaris

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6
Q

What is the thin spinal cord extension of connective tissue that is anchored to the coccyx?

A

filum terminale

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7
Q

What is the name of the collection of roots that extend from the conus medullaris to reach the sacrum and coccyx called?

A

cauda equina

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8
Q

What suspends the spinal cord in the canal?

A

denticulate ligaments

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9
Q

What are the denticulate ligaments formed of?

A

pial and arachnoid tissue

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10
Q

What is the small central canal in the spinal cord connected to superiorly?

A

the 4th ventricle

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11
Q

What forms the horizontal part of the H of grey matter in the psinal cord?

A

anterior and posterior commisures which surround the central canal

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12
Q

From which levels of the spinal cord are lateral horns found?

A

T1 to L2

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13
Q

What is found within the lateral horns of the spinal cord?

A

preganglionic sympathetic neurons

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14
Q

What are the 3 types of arteries supplying the spinal cord?

A

longitudinal; segmental and radicular

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15
Q

What are the longitudinal arteries derived from?

A

the vertebral arteries

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16
Q

What are the longitudinal arteries?

A

one anterior and two posterior

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17
Q

What arteries are the segmental arteries derived from?

A

vertebral, intercostal and lumbar

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18
Q

Where are the radicular arteries found?

A

travel along the dorsal and ventral roots (radicular= root associated)

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19
Q

Where is the venous plexus within the spinal cord found?

A

within the epidural spaces

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20
Q

What is found within the epidural spaces?

A

adipose tissue and venous plexuses

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21
Q

How is the pimary somatosensory cortex arranged?

A

somatotopically, body is mapped onto the cortex

22
Q

How does the proportion of white matter within the spinal cord change as your descned?

A

white matter occupies a smaller proportion of the cord

23
Q

What is the dorsal column and medial lemniscus system invovled in?

A

fine touch and proprioception

24
Q

Where do the fibres of the dorsal column cross over?

A

arcuate fasciculus

25
Q

What are the two sections of the dorsal column?

A

fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus

26
Q

What does the fasculus gracilis carry?

A

nerves from the lower limbs

27
Q

What does the fasciculus cuneatus carry?

A

nerves from the upper limbs

28
Q

Where do fibres from the dorsal column first synapse?

A

medulla

29
Q

Where is the second synapse of the dorsal column/medial lemniscus system?

A

thalamus

30
Q

Where do the third order neurons of the dorsal column travel?

A

from the thalamus to the cortex

31
Q

What does the spinothalamic tract carry?

A

pain, temperature and deep pressure

32
Q

Where do fibres from the spinothalamic tract cross over?

A

segmentally at the level they enter the spinal cord

33
Q

Where is the pimrary motor cortex situated?

A

pre-central gyrus

34
Q

What is the funciont of the corticospinal tract?

A

fine, precise movement of distal limb muscles

35
Q

What forms the lateral CST?

A

crossed fibres

36
Q

What forms the ventral CST?

A

uncrossed fibres

37
Q

Where do the lateral CST fibres cross over?

A

caudal medulla

38
Q

Where do ventral CST fibres cross over?

A

segmentally

39
Q

What other name is the CST known by?

A

pyramidal tract

40
Q

What are motor systems outwith the CST known as?

A

the extrapyramidal system

41
Q

Where does the tectospinal tract begin?

A

tectum of the midbrain

42
Q

Where does the tectospinal tract end?

A

cervical segments

43
Q

What is the function of the tectospinal tracts?

A

reflex head and neck movement from visual stimuli

44
Q

What forms the central core of the brainstem?

A

reticular formation

45
Q

Where do fibres of the reticulospinal tract originate?

A

areas of reticular formation in pons and medulla

46
Q

What is the general function of reticulospinal fibres originating in the pons?

A

facilitate extensor movements and inhibit flexor movements

47
Q

What is the general function of reticulospinal fibres originating in the medulla?

A

facilitate flexor movements and inhibit extensor movements

48
Q

Where do fibres of the vestibulospinal tract originate?

A

vestibular nuclei of pons and medulla

49
Q

Where do the fibres of the vestibulospinal tract end?

A

cervical and lumbar segments

50
Q

What is the function of the vestibulospinal tract?

A

excite limb extensor muscles

Neurology - professional - batt (40 decks)

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