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Neurology - professional - batt > Neuroanatomy 3 > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How do the basal ganglia communicate with the motor cortex?

A

via the thalamus

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2
Q

Where is the premotor area located?

A

anterior to the primary motor cortex

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3
Q

Where is the supplementary motor area located?

A

longitudinal fissure

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4
Q

What are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum?

A

anterior lobe; posterior lobe and flocculonodular lobe

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5
Q

What separates the anterior lobe from the posterior lobe of the cerebellum?

A

primary fissure

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6
Q

What separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum?

A

tentorium cerebelli

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7
Q

What attaches the cerebellum to the brainstem?

A

superior; middle and inferior peduncles

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8
Q

What splits the cerebellar hemispheres?

A

vermis

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9
Q

What is the name for the grey matter located deep in the white matter of the cerebellum?

A

deep cerebellar nuclie

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10
Q

How many deep cerebella nuclei are found in the cerebellum?

A

four on each side

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11
Q

What is the name of the largest deep cerebellar nuceli?

A

dentate nuclei

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12
Q

What is the function of the deep cerebellar nuclei?

A

communication with the rest of the nervous system

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13
Q

What are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A

molecular; purkinje and granule

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14
Q

How do afferent projections to the cerebellum arrive?

A

enter via peduncles and project to the granule cell layer

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15
Q

Where do afferent signals to the cerebellum come from?

A

spinal cord from somatic proprioceptors nad pressure receptors; cerebral cortex (via pons) and vestibular apparatus (via vestibular nuclei)

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16
Q

What is the only output from the cerebellar lobes?

A

purkinje cells

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17
Q

Where do purkinje cells synapse to send info out of the cerebelum?

A

deep cerebellar nuceli

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18
Q

What is the function of the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex?

A

synapses between purkinje dendrites and granule axons which both project into the molecular layer

19
Q

What side of the body do cerebellar hemispheres influence?

A

ipsilaterally

20
Q

What is the consequence of a midline cerebellar lsion?

A

disturbance postural control

21
Q

What constitutes the spinocerebellum?

A

vermis and immediate areas of the hemispheres

22
Q

What is the function of the spinocerebellum?

A

posture and simple limb control

23
Q

What are the cerebellar hemispheres also known as?

A

pontocerebellum

24
Q

What is the function of the pontocerebellum?

A

fine motor control and complex limb movements

25
Q

What is the other name for the folliculonodular lobe?

A

vestibulocerebellum

26
Q

What are the sympomts of bilateral cerebellar dysfunction?

A

cerebellar ataxia

27
Q

What are the symptoms of cerebellar ataxia?

A

staggering, wide-based gait

28
Q

What is the most common cause of cerebellar ataxia?

A

acute alcohol exposure

29
Q

What are the functions of the basal ganglia?

A

to facilitate purposeful movement(direct pathway); inhibit unwanted movements (indirect pathway) and play a role in posture and muscle tone

30
Q

What are the basal ganglia?

A

number of masses of grey matter located near the base of each cerebral hemisphere

31
Q

Name the parts of the basal ganglia?

A

caudate nucleus; putamen; globus pallidus; subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra

32
Q

What forms the striatum?

A

caudate nucleus and putamen

33
Q

What forms the corpus striatum?

A

caudate nucleus; putamen and globus pallidus

34
Q

What forms the lenticular nucleus?

A

putamen and globus pallidus

35
Q

What is the appearnace of globus pallidus?

A

2 stripes lateral and medial

36
Q

Where is substantia nigra located?

A

midbrain

37
Q

How does substantia nigra appear?

A

black

38
Q

What is the function of substantia nigra?

A

produce dopamine

39
Q

What is found between globus pallidus and the thalamus?

A

internal capsule

40
Q

What is the location of putamen?

A

follows 4th ventricle like rams horn

41
Q

What is the function of the direct pathway?

A

enhances outflow of thalamus, enhancing the desired movement

42
Q

What part of the basal ganglia is involved in the indirect pathway but not the direct?

A

subthalamic nucleus

43
Q

What side do unilateral lesions of the basal ganglia affect?

A

the contralateral side of the body

Neurology - professional - batt (40 decks)

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