Neuroanatomy 3 Flashcards
How do the basal ganglia communicate with the motor cortex?
via the thalamus
Where is the premotor area located?
anterior to the primary motor cortex
Where is the supplementary motor area located?
longitudinal fissure
What are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum?
anterior lobe; posterior lobe and flocculonodular lobe
What separates the anterior lobe from the posterior lobe of the cerebellum?
primary fissure
What separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum?
tentorium cerebelli
What attaches the cerebellum to the brainstem?
superior; middle and inferior peduncles
What splits the cerebellar hemispheres?
vermis
What is the name for the grey matter located deep in the white matter of the cerebellum?
deep cerebellar nuclie
How many deep cerebella nuclei are found in the cerebellum?
four on each side
What is the name of the largest deep cerebellar nuceli?
dentate nuclei
What is the function of the deep cerebellar nuclei?
communication with the rest of the nervous system
What are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex?
molecular; purkinje and granule
How do afferent projections to the cerebellum arrive?
enter via peduncles and project to the granule cell layer
Where do afferent signals to the cerebellum come from?
spinal cord from somatic proprioceptors nad pressure receptors; cerebral cortex (via pons) and vestibular apparatus (via vestibular nuclei)
What is the only output from the cerebellar lobes?
purkinje cells
Where do purkinje cells synapse to send info out of the cerebelum?
deep cerebellar nuceli
What is the function of the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex?
synapses between purkinje dendrites and granule axons which both project into the molecular layer
What side of the body do cerebellar hemispheres influence?
ipsilaterally
What is the consequence of a midline cerebellar lsion?
disturbance postural control
What constitutes the spinocerebellum?
vermis and immediate areas of the hemispheres
What is the function of the spinocerebellum?
posture and simple limb control
What are the cerebellar hemispheres also known as?
pontocerebellum
What is the function of the pontocerebellum?
fine motor control and complex limb movements
What is the other name for the folliculonodular lobe?
vestibulocerebellum
What are the sympomts of bilateral cerebellar dysfunction?
cerebellar ataxia
What are the symptoms of cerebellar ataxia?
staggering, wide-based gait
What is the most common cause of cerebellar ataxia?
acute alcohol exposure
What are the functions of the basal ganglia?
to facilitate purposeful movement(direct pathway); inhibit unwanted movements (indirect pathway) and play a role in posture and muscle tone
What are the basal ganglia?
number of masses of grey matter located near the base of each cerebral hemisphere
Name the parts of the basal ganglia?
caudate nucleus; putamen; globus pallidus; subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra
What forms the striatum?
caudate nucleus and putamen
What forms the corpus striatum?
caudate nucleus; putamen and globus pallidus
What forms the lenticular nucleus?
putamen and globus pallidus
What is the appearnace of globus pallidus?
2 stripes lateral and medial
Where is substantia nigra located?
midbrain
How does substantia nigra appear?
black
What is the function of substantia nigra?
produce dopamine
What is found between globus pallidus and the thalamus?
internal capsule
What is the location of putamen?
follows 4th ventricle like rams horn
What is the function of the direct pathway?
enhances outflow of thalamus, enhancing the desired movement
What part of the basal ganglia is involved in the indirect pathway but not the direct?
subthalamic nucleus
What side do unilateral lesions of the basal ganglia affect?
the contralateral side of the body
