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Neurology - professional - batt > Neuroanatomy 5 > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the reticular formation?

A

scattered nuclei forming a network that integrate cranial nerve responses

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2
Q

What is found in the organ of corti?

A

inner and outer hair cells

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3
Q

What is the spiral ganglion?

A

bipolar neurons stimulated by hair cells and carrying APs from organ of corti to cochlear nuclei in pons

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4
Q

What happens to fibres after the cochlear nuclei?

A

some cross over and some dont

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5
Q

What tract do fibres travel in after the superior olivary nucleus?

A

lateral lemniscus

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6
Q

What nucleus do fibres travel to after the cochlear nuclei?

A

superior olivary nucleus

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7
Q

What two regions does the lateral lemniscus join?

A

superior olivary nucleus to the inferior colliculus

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8
Q

What body do fibres create as they decussate after the cochlear nuclei?

A

trapezoid body

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9
Q

What is the superior olivary nucleus important in?

A

analysis of sound esp. in the horizontal plane

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10
Q

What joins the inferior colliculi to the thalamus?

A

inferior brachium

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11
Q

Where in the thalamus do sound fibres synapse?

A

medial geniculate body

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12
Q

Where is the primary auditory cortex located?

A

superior posterior thalamus, buried a little in the lateral fissure

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13
Q

What do sound fibres travel in from the thalamus to the primary auditory cortex?

A

internal capsule

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14
Q

Where do fibres carrying low frequency sound end in the auditory cortex?

A

anterolateral part

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15
Q

Where do fibres carrying high frequency sound end in the auditory cortex?

A

posteromedial part

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16
Q

Where is Broca’s area located?

A

superior to the lateral fissure in the frontal lobe

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17
Q

Where is Wernkicke’s area located?

A

surrounding the pimrary auditory cortx posteroinferiorly

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18
Q

What happens if there is damage to Broca’s area?

A

struggle to produce language but can comprehend language

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19
Q

What happens if there is damage to Wernicke’s area?

A

difficulty understanding language

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20
Q

What is the first synapse of the vestibular fibres?

A

vestibular ganglion- just as fibres leave the labyrinth

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21
Q

Where ist he second synapse of vestibular fibres?

A

vestibular nuclei in the medulla

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22
Q

What connections does the vestibular nuclei have?

A

thalamus; nuclei of CNs III, IV, VI; cerebellum and spinal cord

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23
Q

What tract do vestibular fibres descned within the spinal cord in?

A

vestibulospinal tracts

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24
Q

what is the function of the vestibulospinal tracts?

A

excite limb extensors

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25
Q

What area of the cerebullum do vestibular fibres travel to?

A

folliculonodular lobe

26
Q

Where does the optic nerve begin?

A

ganglia in the retina

27
Q

What is the first main synapse of the visual pathway once out of the eye?

A

lateral geniculate nucleus in thalamus

28
Q

Where do fibres involved in the pupillary light reflex terminate?

A

pretectal area and superior colliculus

29
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

A

above and below the calcarine sulcus of the occipital lobe

30
Q

Where do neurones of the pretectal area project?

A

bilaterally to the edinger-westphal nuclei

31
Q

Where is the lower visual field projected to in relation to the calcarine sulcus?

A

gyrus superior to the calcarine sulcus

32
Q

Which fibres are carried in Meyer’s loop?

A

upper half of the visual field

33
Q

What is Meyer’s loop?

A

a loop of fibres from the lateral geniculate body around the temporal part of the lateral ventricle

34
Q

Why do some fibres leave the optic chiasm to go to the hypothalamus and pineal gland?

A

invovled in diurnal rhythms

35
Q

What areas of the brain have roles in eye movement?

A

visual cortex and the frontal eye fields

36
Q

What is the difference between the movements of the visual cortex and the frontal eye fields?

A

the visual cortex gives movements in response to visual stimuli whereas the frontal eye field is invovled in movements of command which tend to be jumpy (saccadic) rather than smooth

37
Q

Where is the primary gustatory area located?

A

posteroinferiorly in the frontal lobe

38
Q

What is the function of association fibres?

A

connect cortical sites lying in the same hemisphere

39
Q

What is the function of commisural fibres?

A

connect one hemisphere to the other, usually connecting areas with similar function

40
Q

What is the function of projection fibres?

A

connect hemispheres to deeper structures

41
Q

What do the deep cerebral veins drain?

A

internal structures of the forebrain

42
Q

What do the deep cerebral veins in each cerebral hemisphere merge to form?

A

internal cerebral vein

43
Q

What do the internal cerebral veins in each hemisphere join to fom?

A

the great cerebral vein of Galen

44
Q

Where does the great cerebral vein of Galen lie?

A

beneath the corpus callosum

45
Q

What does the great cerebral vein of Galen drain into?

A

straight sinus

46
Q

Where is the straight sinus found?

A

in the midline of tentorium cerebelli

47
Q

Where do the superficial veins lie?

A

in the subarachnoid space

48
Q

What are the dural venous sinuses?

A

channels formed between the two layers of dura mater

49
Q

Where is the superior sagittal sinus found?

A

along line where the falx cerebri attaches to the interior of the cranium

50
Q

Where is the inferior sagittal sinus found?

A

free border of the falx

51
Q

What does the inferior sagittal sinus drain into?

A

straight sinus

52
Q

What drains into the confluence of the sinuses?

A

superior sagittal sinus and straight sinus

53
Q

Where is the confluence of the sinuses found?

A

internal occipital protuberance

54
Q

What does the confluence of the sinuses drain into?

A

transverse sinus

55
Q

Where sis the transverse sinus found?

A

along line of the attachment of tentorium to the occipital lobe

56
Q

What does the transverse sinus drain into?

A

sigmoid sinus

57
Q

Where are the cavernous sinuses found?

A

lateral to the body of sphenoid

58
Q

What drains in to the cavernous sinuses?

A

middle cerebral vein

59
Q

What does the cavernous sinses drain into the IJV via?

A

inferior petrosal sinus

60
Q

What does the cavernous sinus drain into the transverse sinus via?

A

superior petrosal sinus

61
Q

What does the sigmoid sinus drain into?

A

IJV

62
Q

What joins the cavernous sinuses?

A

intercavernous sinuses

Neurology - professional - batt (40 decks)

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