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Neurology - professional - batt > Anatomy of back, spine and spinal cord > Flashcards

Anatomy of back, spine and spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

What do dimples in the lower back indicate?

A

PSIS

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2
Q

What bone begins at the PSIS?

A

sacrum

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3
Q

What are the extrinsic back muscles?

A

levator scapulae; rhomboids; trapezius and latissimus dorsi

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4
Q

Where do the extrinsic back muscles attach?

A

pectoral girdle

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5
Q

What is the function of the extrinsic back muscles?

A

to move the upper limb

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6
Q

What are the functions of intrinsic back muscles?

A

maintain back posture and move and support the spine

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7
Q

What are the 2 groups of intrinsic back muscles?

A

erector spinae and transversospinalis

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8
Q

What are the attachments of the common tendon of erector spinae?

A

sacrum and iliac crest

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9
Q

How many muscles are part of the erector spinae group?

A

3 vertical muscles

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10
Q

Where is erector spinae in relation to transversospinalis?

A

superficial

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11
Q

What are teh 3 muscles of erector spinae?

A

iliocostalis; longissimus and spinalis

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12
Q

What are the superior attachments of erector spinae?

A

ribs; transverse and spinal processes of vertebrae

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13
Q

Where is transversospinalis located?

A

within the grooves between the transverse and spinous processes

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14
Q

What do transversospinalis attach between?

A

vertebrae and skull; rib; sacrum and other vertebrae

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15
Q

What is the nerve supply of the intrinsic back muscles?

A

segmental- posterior rami

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16
Q

What movement occurs with bilateral contraction of erector spinae?

A

spine extension

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17
Q

What movement with unilateral contraction of erector spinae?

A

lateral flexion

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18
Q

What muscles are involved in flexion of the spine?

A

psoas major and rectus abdominus

19
Q

When does the cervical lordosis develop?

A

around 3 months

20
Q

What causes the cervical lordosis to develop?

A

as child gains head control

21
Q

When does the lumbar lordosis develop?

A

around 6-8months

22
Q

What causes the lumbar lordosis to develop?

A

child is able to sit independently

23
Q

What is the function of the pedicles?

A

connect the vertebral body to the neural arch

24
Q

What forms the vertebral arch?

A

laminae and pedicles

25
Q

What are intervertebral discs made of?

A

fibrocartilage

26
Q

What is the benefit of IV discs being made of fibrocartilage?

A

fibrocartilage never ossifies

27
Q

What is the function of ligamentum flavum?

A

connect adjacent laminae posterior to the spinal cord

28
Q

What is the function of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

prevents over-flexion of the spine

29
Q

What is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligamnet?

A

prevents over-extension of the spine

30
Q

What is the function of the supraspinous ligament?

A

connects tips of spinous processes

31
Q

What is the function of the interspinous ligament?

A

connect superior and inferior surfaces of adjacent spinour processes

32
Q

What does atlas have instead of a body or spinous process?

A

a posterior arch and an anterior arch

33
Q

What are the movements that occur at the atlanto-occipital joints?

A

flexion and extension of the neck; lateral flexion and rotation

34
Q

What is a stage 1 cervical dislocation?

A

flexion sprain

35
Q

What is a stage 2 cervical dislocation?

A

anterior subluxation; 25% translation

36
Q

What is a stage 3 cervical dislocation?

A

50% translation

37
Q

what is a stage 4 cervical dislocation?

A

complete dislocation

38
Q

How many atlanto-axial joints are there?

A

3

39
Q

What type of joint are the atlanto-axial joints?

A

synovial

40
Q

What are the 3 atlanto-axial joints?

A

2- between the inf. and sup. facets

1- between the anteiror arch of atlas and odontoid process of axis

41
Q

What arethe main movements at the atlanto-axial joints?

A

rotation

42
Q

What is found on either sides of the sacral promontories?

A

ala

43
Q

What joints take place at the side of the ala?

A

sacro-iliac joints

44
Q

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord finish?

A

L1/L2

Neurology - professional - batt (40 decks)

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