Trematodes II

Question 1

What are the DH of Paragonimus kellicotti?

Answer 1

Dogs
Cats
Pigs
Muskrats
Mink
Wild/domestic carnivores
Occasionally humans

Question 2

What is the 1st IH of Paragonimus kellicotti?

Answer 2

Aquatic snails

Question 3

What is the 2nd IH of Paragonimus kellicotti?

Answer 3

Crayfish

Question 4

What is the PH of Paragonimus kellicotti?

Answer 4

Rodents

Question 5

What is the DH site of Paragonimus kellicotti?

Answer 5

Lung parenchyma (encysted)

Question 6

What is the life cycle of Paragonimus kellicotti?

Answer 6

DH ingests crayfish with mature metacercariae or PH
Excyst in SI, penetrates gut to peritoneal cavity to diaphragm to lungs
Form cysts in lung parenchyma; mature to adults
Egg pass from cyst to bronchi
Eggs coughed up and swallowed
Unembryonated eggs in feces
Miracidia hatch; penetrate aquatic snail
Cercariae emerge; enter crayfish
Metacercariae form

Question 7

What causes pathology with Paragonimus kellicotti?

Answer 7

Migrating flukes

Question 8

How can Paragonimus kellicotti eggs be diagnosed?

Answer 8

Fecal sedimentation (preferred) or flotation

Question 9

How can Paragonimus kellicotti adults be diagnosed?

Answer 9

Radiographs (pulmonary cysts)

Necropsy

Question 10

Can Paragonimus kellicotti infect humans?

Answer 10

Yes, by eating undercooked/raw crayfish

Question 11

What is Paragonimus westermani in humans?

Answer 11

Oriental lung fluke

Question 12

What is the DH of Nanophyetus salmincola?

Answer 12

Raccoon
Mink
Fox
Coyote
Dog
Cat
Piscivorous birds
Piscivorous mammals
Humans (rare)

Question 13

What is the 1st IH of Nanophyetus salmincola?

Answer 13

Aquatic snails

Question 14

What is the 2nd IH of Nanophyetus salmincola?

Answer 14

Fish

Salmon

Question 15

What is the DH site of Nanophyetus salmincola?

Answer 15

Small intestine

Question 16

What is the 2nd iH site of Nanophyetus salmincola?

Answer 16

Kidneys, muscle, fins, other organs

Question 17

What is the life cycle of Nanophyetus salmincola?

Answer 17

DH ingests fish with metacercariae
Develop to adults in SI; NO extra-intestinal migration
Unembryonated eggs passed in feces
Miracidia hatch; infect awautic snail
Cercariae emerge from snail
Cercariae penetrate young fish
Metacercariae form in kidneys, muscle, fins

Question 18

What causes pathology in the fish IH with Nanophyetus salmincola?

Answer 18

Metacercariae

Question 19

What causes pathology in the canine DH with Nanophyetus salmincola?

Answer 19

Adults

Question 20

What is the pathology in canine DH with Nanophyetus salmincola?

Answer 20

Neorickettsia helminthoeca: “salmon-poisoning disease”

Question 21

How can Nanophyetus salmincola eggs be diagnosed?

Answer 21

Sedimentation/fecal flotation

Question 22

Do Nanophyetus spp cause human infections?

Answer 22

Yes, but it is rare

Cause “fish flu”

Question 23

What is the DH of Alaria spp?

Answer 23

Cats
Dogs
Wide range of carnivores

Question 24

What is the 1st IH of Alaria spp?

Answer 24

Aquatic snails

Question 25

What is the 2nd IH of Alaria spp?

Answer 25

Tadpoles

Question 26

What is the PH of Alaria spp?

Answer 26

Frogs Snakes Mice Mammals

Question 27

What is the site of Alaria spp in DH?

Answer 27

Small intestine or mammary glands in lactating cat

Question 28

What is the Alaria spp life cycle? *indicate bolded in lecture

Answer 28

DH ingests infected tadpole or PH with *mesocercariae* Migration to diaphragm to lungsl develop into metacercariae; coughed up trachea, down esophagus to SI *or in lactating cat: mesocercariae migrate to mammary gland* Developes to adults in SI *or remain mesocercariae- transmammary* (nursing kitten) Unembryonate eggs in feces Miracidia hatch; infect aquatic snail Cercariae emerge in water Cercariae penetrate tadpole; develop into *mesocercariae*

Question 29

What happens with transmammary transmission of Alaria spp in the lactating cat?

Answer 29

Mesocercariae migrate to mammary glands

Question 30

What is the pathology of Alaria spp in cat DH?

Answer 30

Attached to mucous membrane of SI Usually little harm Migratory tracts through lung

Question 31

How can you diagnose Alaria spp eggs?

Answer 31

Fecal sedimentation

Question 32

What Alaria species causes human infections?

Answer 32

Alaria americana

Question 33

What is Potomac Horse Fever?

Answer 33

Equine Neorickettsiosis

Question 34

What serves as a reservoir for Potomac Hose Fever?

Answer 34

Digenetic trematodes (Acanthatrium oregonense)

Question 35

What is the infectious agent for Potomac Horse Fever?

Answer 35

Neorickettsia risticii

Question 36

What is the DH of Acanthatrium oregonense?

Answer 36

Bats

Question 37

What is the aaberrant hosts of Acanthatrium oregonense?

Answer 37

Equine

Question 38

How do horses get Potomac Horse Fever?

Answer 38

Ingest mayfly with metacercariae harboring Neorickettsia risticii

Question 39

What is the DH of Heterobilharzia americana?

Answer 39

``` Raccoons (natural DH) Dogs** Bobcats Nutria Opossum Florida panther Beaver Horses Llama Other mammals ```

Question 40

What is the IH of Heterobilharzia americana?

Answer 40

Lymnaeid snails

Question 41

What is the DH site of Heterobilharzia americana?

Answer 41

Hepatic portal and mesenteric veins

Question 42

What is Heterobilharzia americana the causative agent of?

Answer 42

Canine schistosomiasis

Question 43

What is the life cycle of Heterobilharzia americana?

Answer 43

Embryonated eggs shed in feces Miracidia hatch in waterl infect a lymnaeid snail Cercariae emerge and penetrate the skin of DH Migration through lungs to the liver Mature to adults Adults migrate through portal veins to mesenteric veins Eggs migrate through mesenteric veins and intestinal wall to lumen of intestine

Question 44

What is the pathology in the canine Dh with Heterobilharzia americana?

Answer 44

Severe granulomatous inflammation in SI, liver, LI, pancreas Fibrosis Mineralization Death

Question 45

What is the pathology with Heterobilharzia americana induced by?

Answer 45

Eggs

Question 46

How are Heterobilharzia americana eggs diagnosed?

Answer 46

Fecal sedimentation (saline)

Question 47

What is the human infection caused by Heterobilharzia americana?

Answer 47

"Swimmer's itch" | Cercarial dermatitis