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Parasitology > Protozoa VI: Apicomplexa > Flashcards

Protozoa VI: Apicomplexa Flashcards

1
Q

What is the life cycle for Sarcocystis spp.?

A

Indirect life cycle

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2
Q

Describe the generalized life cycle for the Sarcocystis spp. definitive host

A

PPP: 7-14 days
No merogony
Gametogony

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3
Q

Describe the generalized life cycle for the Sarcocystis spp. intermediate host

A

Merogony

No gametogony

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4
Q

What are definitive hosts for Sarcocystis cruzi?

A

Dogs, wolves, coyotes, racoons, foxes, hyena

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5
Q

What are intermediate hosts for Sarcocystis cruzi?

A

Cattle, ox, bison

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6
Q

What are the infective stages to the definitive host for Sarcocystis cruzi?

A

Sarcocyst (with bradyzoites)

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7
Q

What are the infective stages to the intermediate host for Sarcocystis cruzi?

A

Oocyst/sporocysts

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8
Q

What is the route of infection for the definitive host of Sarcocystis cruzi?

A

Ingesition of tissue cyst (sarcocyst) containing bradyzoites

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9
Q

What is the route of infection for the intermediate host of Sarcocystis cruzi?

A

Ingestion of oocysts/sporocysts in environment

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10
Q

What is the site of infection in the definitive host for Sarcocysti cruzi?

A

Intestinal tract

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11
Q

What is the site of infection in the intermediate host for Sarcocystis cruzi?

A

Extraintestinal (heart, skeletal muscle, tongue, esophagus, diaphragm)

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12
Q

What is the pathology/clinical signs for Sarcocystis cruzi in the definitive host?

A

Asymptomatic

No immunity

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13
Q

What is the pathology/clinical signs for Sarcocystis cruzi?

A

Acute
Anorexia, pyrexia, anemia, weight loss
Abortion in final trimester

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14
Q

What are methods of diagnosis of Sarcocystic cruzi in the intermediate host?

A

Clinical signs
Presence of sarcocyst on histology
Antibody detection

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15
Q

What are methods of diagnosis of Sarcocystic cruzi in the definitive host?

A

Sporocysts/oocysts on fecal flotation
Usually free sporocysts
Oocysts is approximately double the sporocyst size

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16
Q

What is the treatment of Sarcocystis cruzi in the intermediate host?

A

Prophylactic: amprolium, salinomycin, deccox, monensis, stenoral

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17
Q

What are the control measures for Sarcocystis cruzi?

A

Predator/prey control
Avoid fecal contamination of bedding/food/water by carnivores
Avoid feeding dogs uncooked meat/offal
Bury or incinerate dead livestock

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18
Q

What is the definitive host of Sarcocystis neurona?

A

Opossums

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19
Q

What are intermediate hosts of Sarcocystis nerona?

A

Armadillo, raccoon, cat, skunk

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20
Q

What is the accidental host of Sarcocystis neurona?

A

Horse

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21
Q

What is Sarcocystis neurona an agent of?

A

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)

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22
Q

What are the infective stages for Sarcocystis neurona in the definitive host?

A

Sarcocyst (with bradyzoites) in an intermediate host, sporocyst

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23
Q

What are the infective stages for Sarcocystis neurona in the intermediate host?

A

Sporocyst, oocyst

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24
Q

What are the infective stages for Sarcocystis neurona in the accidental host?

A

Sporocyst, oocyst

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25
What is the site of infection for Sarcocystis neurona in the direct host?
Intestinal tract
26
What are the sites of infection for Sarcocystis neurona in the intermediate host?
Skeletal muscle, tongue
27
What is the site of infection for Sarcocystis neurona in the accidental host?
CNS
28
What are the clinical signs of Sarcocystis neurona?
DH: none IH: asymptomatic AH: neurological problems
29
What are the methods of diagnosis for Sarcocystis neurona?
DH: oocyst/sporocysts on fecal flotation IH: sarcocyst on histology, IFA, PCR
30
What is the method of diagnosing EPM?
Complete neurological exam | Equinr CSF/blood tests
31
What is the pathology of EPM?
Gross lesions confined to neural tissue
32
What are the FDA approved treatments of Sarcocystis neurona/EPM?
Ponazuril (Marquis) Diclazuril (Protazil) Combo sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine (ReBalance)
33
What are the methods of control for Sarcocystis neurona/EPM?
Protect feed/water sources from oppossum | Reduce road-kill around farm
34
What are other hosts of Sarcocystis spp.?
Ruminants | Wildlife: waterfowl- S. rileyi
35
What is the site of Cryptosporidium spp.?
Primarily gastrointestinal | Upper respiratory tract; bursa/proventriculus
36
What species is Crypotsporidium parvum associated with?
Ruminants (cattle)
37
What species is Cryptosporidium andersoni associated with?
Cattle
38
What species is Cryptosporidium bovis associated with?
Cattle
39
What species is Cryptosporidium canis associated with?
Dogs
40
What species is Cryptosporidium felis associated with?
Cats
41
What is the Cryptosporidium life cycle?
Direct life cycle
42
What is the infective stage of Cryptosporidium?
Sporulated oocyst
43
Where do Crypotsporidium oocysts sporulate?
Within the host
44
What are the routes of infection for Cryptosporidium?
Fecal-oral, autoinfection
45
What is the PPP for Cryptosporidium?
1 week or less
46
What is Cryptosporidium parvum the common cause of?
Intestinal disease in neonatal ruminants
47
What is the site of infection with Cryptosporidium parvum?
Ileum
48
What is the PPP of Cryptosporidium parvum?
3-6 days
49
What is the patent period of Cryptosporidium parvum?
1-2 weeks; self-limiting
50
What are the clinical signs of Cryptosporidium parvum?
Diarrhea Depression Anorexia
51
What is the pathology of Cryptosporidium parvum?
``` Loss of epithelial cells Villus atrophy Dehydration Electrolyte imbalance Impaired nutrient digestion, absorption ```
52
Describe Cyrptosporidium andersoni in mature cattle
No clinical disease Chronic subclinical infections Site of infection: abomasum
53
Describe the abomasal pathology with Cryptosporidium andersoni
Dilation of peptic/pyloric glands Hypertrophy of gastric mucosa Thinning of epithelium Impaired protein digestion: increased gastric pH, decreased proteolysis
54
Describe Cryptosporidium bovis
Newly proposed species Common in older calves No clinical disease- not considered pathogenic
55
Describe Cryptosporidium canis
``` Usually in puppies Asymptomatic shedding in older dogs Rarely associated with disease Low prevalence Diarrhea, weight loss ```
56
Describe Cryptosporidium felis
Rarely associated with disease | Diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss
57
What are methods of diagnosis for Cryptosporidium?
``` Oocyst detection: Sugar flotation Modified acid fast Fluorescent antibody tests PCR ```
58
Describe Cryptosporidium oocyst morphology
4-6 μm No sporocys 4 sporozoites, free in oocyst Sporulates in host
59
What are methods of treatment for Cryptosporidium?
No efficacious treatments Fluid and electrolyte replacement Self-limiting in immune incompetent host
60
What are the methods of control for Cryptosporidium?
Management strategies to break life cycle | Clean up environment
61
What are the 3 forms of Cryptosporidium in avian hosts?
Intestinal Respiratory Renal
62
Describe intestinal Cryptosporidium signs
``` Enteritis non-bloody diarrhea Distended SI Mucoid intestinal contents Villous atrophy/hypertrophy Lesions in proventriculus ```
63
Describe respiratory Cryptosporidium signs
Rails coughing Sneezing Dyspnea Swollen head syndrome
64
Describe renal Cryptosporidium signs
Kidneys pale | Enlarged, fibrotic areas

Parasitology (27 decks)

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