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Nematodes VI: Strongyloides Flashcards

1
Q

What do the Strongyloides free living stages (L1 and L2) have?

A

Rhabditiform esophagus

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2
Q

What makes up the rhabditiform esophagus?

A

Bulb
Isthmus
Corpus

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3
Q

Describe the heterogonic life cycle

A 
Free living life cycle
L1 in eggs passed in feces
L1 and L2 in feces
Filariform larvae (L3) in contaminated soil
Free-living male and female adults
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4
Q

Describe the homogonic life cycle

A

Filariform larvae (L3) are in contaminated soil and penetrate skin
—Infective L3 larvae
Parthogenesis
—parasitic females only (parasitic males do not exist)
—Clones of eggs

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5
Q

What is the percutaneous transmission route?

A

L3s penetrate skin –> circulatory –> lymphatic systems –> lungs –> alveoli –> migrate or coughed up and swallowed –> mature in SI

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6
Q

What is the peroral transmission route?

A

Penetrate oral mucosa and migrate as they do in percutaneous OR
Ingest infective L3; go directly to SI

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7
Q

What is the host of ransomi?

A

Swine

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8
Q

What is the route of infection for ransomi? What is the PPP for each?

A

Percutaneous* (7-10)
Peroral (7-10)
Transmammary** (4)
Transplacental (4)

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9
Q

Describe the percutaneous or peroral Strongyloides ransomi transmission route

A

Filariform larvae

Tracheal migration to maturation

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10
Q

Describe somatic migration of Strongyloides ransomi

A

Accumulate as arrested larvae

—Adipose tissues, especially mammary tissues

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11
Q

Where do mature gilts store Strongyloides ransomi larvae?

A

Adipose tissues

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12
Q

Where do mature gilts shed Strongyloides ransomi larvae?

A

Colostrum and milk

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13
Q

What is the key to epidemiology in swine with Strogyloides ransomi?

A

Transmammary

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14
Q

What is necessary to diminish larval development as well as multiplication of free-living generations of Strongyloide ransomi?

A

A high level of hygiene

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15
Q

What is the host of Strongyloides westeri?

A

Equids

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16
Q

What is the route of infection for Strongyloides weteri? What is the PPP of each?

A

Percutaneous (7-10)
Peroral (7-10)
Transmammary** (4)

17
Q

What is the most important route of transmission for Strongyloides westeri?

A

Transmammary

18
Q

When do foals shed Strongyloides westeri eggs?

A

10 to 14 days after birth

19
Q

What are clinical signs of Strongyloides westeri?

A

Diarrhea (foal-heat)

20
Q

What is the zoonotic potential of Strongyloides westeri?

A

Creeping eruption

—Allergic response to free-living L3 in humans

21
Q

What is the host of Strogyloides papillosus?

22
Q

What is the route of infection for Strongyloides papillosus? What is the PPP for each?

A

Percutaneous: primary route for sheep/goats (7-10)
Transmammary: primary route for cattle (6)

23
Q

What is the technique of choice for diagnosing Strongyloides ransomi, westeri, and papillosus?

A

Fecal flotation

24
Q

What are the adults of Strongyloides ransomi, westeri, and papillosus like?

A

Small (3-10 mm)
Embedded in SI mucosa
Generally need skin scraping of mucosa

25
Q

How can you control Strongyloides ransomi, westeri, and papillosus?

A

Maintain clean, dry envrionment

26
Q

What is the host of Strongyloides stercoralis?

27
Q

What is the route of infection for Strongyloide stercoralis? What is the PPP?

A

Percutaneous (7-10)

28
Q

Describe autoinfection with Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Rare
Tends to happen only if bitch is infected while lactating
Hyperinfection, or uncontrolled autoinfection is also rare

29
Q

What are the different Strongyloides stercoralis third stage larvae?

A

Auto-infective third stage larvae (L3a)

Infective third stage larvae (L3i)

30
Q

Describe L3a

A

Develop within intestine of dog

Invade dog through wall of large intestine

31
Q

Describe L3i

A

Develop in environment

Invade dog through skin

32
Q

How can you diagnose Strongyloide stercoralis?

A

L3a in lung of host
Blood filling alveolar space
L1 in feces of infected host
Technique of choice: Baermann

33
Q

How can you diagnose Strongyloides sterocoralis adults?

A 
Mucosal scraping
Parasitic female (long esophagus)
34
Q

What king of problem does strongyloides stercoralis tend to be?

A

Kennel problem

—Summer with hot/humid weather

35
Q

What is the zoonotic potential of Stronglyoides stercoralis?

A

Cutaneous larva migrans

36
Q

How can you control Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

Maintain clean, dry environment

37
Q

What is the host of Strongyloides tumefaciens?

38
Q

What is the route of infections for Strongyloides tumefaciens?

A

Percutaneous and Peroral

Life cycle is unknown

39
Q

What is the clinical sign for Strongyloides tumefaciens?

A

Grossly visible tumor-like nodules in large intestine

Parasitology (27 decks)

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