Nematodes VII: Ascarids

Question 1

What are the ascarids in poultry?

Answer 1

Ascaridia galli

Heterakis gallinarum

Question 2

What is the DH of Ascaridia galli?

Answer 2

Birds in Order Galliformes

Ducks, other waterfowl

Question 3

What is the PH of Ascardia galli?

Answer 3

Earthworm

Question 4

What is the DH of Heterakis gallinarum?

Answer 4

Birds in Order Galliformes

Ducks, other waterfowl

Question 5

What is the PH of Heterakis gallinarum?

Answer 5

Earthworm

Question 6

What are the signs of Heterakis gallinarum due to?

Answer 6

Histomonas meleagridis

Question 7

What is most pathology of Heterakis gallinarum due to?

Answer 7

Histomonas meleagridis

Question 8

What is Heterakis gallinarum/Histomonas meleagridis most important in?

Answer 8

Turkeys

Question 9

What is the pathogenesis of Heterakis gallinarum?

Answer 9

Pale circular lesions in the liver
Typhlitis (inflammation of cecum)
Vector of Histomonas meleagridis (protozoa)
Most pathogenic in turkeys

Question 10

What is the main way to control Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum?

Answer 10

Management

Question 11

Are any chickens resistant to Ascaridia galli or Heterakis gallinarum?

Answer 11

Older chickens are possibly resistant

Question 12

What is the DH is Ascaris suum?

Answer 12

Swine

Question 13

What is the PH of Ascaris suum?

Answer 13

Dung beetle

Earthworms

Question 14

What is the infective stageof Ascaris suum?

Answer 14

L3 and the egg

Question 15

Where does Ascaris suum migrate?

Answer 15

Liver
Lungs
Small intestine

Question 16

What is the pathogenesis of Ascaris suum in the liver?

Answer 16

Cellular destruction
Interstitial hepatitis
Localized fibrotic areas; reaction to larvae; “milk spots”

Question 17

What is the pathogenesis of Ascaris suum in the lungs?

Answer 17

Hemorrhage, bronchitis, edema

Pneumonia in young pigs

Question 18

What is the pathogenesis of Ascaris suum in the small intestine?

Answer 18

Catarrhal enteritis
Adult worms interfere with nutrition
Obstruction or perforation

Question 19

What are clinical signs of Ascaris suum?

Answer 19

Coughing

Rapid shallow breathing called “thumps”

Question 20

What is the DH of Parascaris equorum?

Answer 20

Equids

Question 21

What is the PH of Parascaris equorum?

Answer 21

There is not one

Question 22

What are clinical signs of Parascaris equorum due to?

Answer 22

Different stages

Question 23

What is the peak prevalence of Parascaris equorum?

Answer 23

4 months of age, and it decreases at 6 months

Question 24

What are the DH of Toxascaris leonina?

Answer 24

Canids
Felids
Wild canids

Question 25

What is the PH of Toxascaris leonina?

Answer 25

Rodents

Question 26

What is distinctive about the Toxascaris leonina life cycle?

Answer 26

No somatic migration, but it still ends up in the small intestine

Question 27

What is the Toxascaris leonina pathogenesis?

Answer 27

Toxascariasis Not highly pathogenesis because there is not somatic migration, so no mammary or transplacental transmission This infection is very rarely reported in humans

Question 28

What are the transmission routes of Toxocara cati?

Answer 28

``` DH ingests L3 in egg ---migration of larvae DH ingests PH ---no migration Transmammary ---infection only when queen is lactating ---NO TRANSPLACENTAL ```

Question 29

What is the pathogenesis of Toxocara cati?

Answer 29

Mechanical damage to SI Interference with nutrition Obstruction of SI

Question 30

What are the transmission routes of Toxocara canis?

Answer 30

1. DH ingests L3 in egg 2. PH ingests L3 3. L3 ALD; re-activate - --Transmammary - --pups infests L3. L4, adults in SI 4. L3 ALD; re-activate - --Transplacental - --L3 to stomach. L4, adults in SI

Question 31

What is the most important transmission route of Toxocara canis?

Answer 31

Transplacental

Question 32

What is Baylisascaris procyonis?

Answer 32

Ascarid of raccoons Occasionally found in dogs Midwest, NE West coast, emerging in SE

Question 33

What is the direct transmission of Baylisascaris procyonis?

Answer 33

Yound raccoon ingests egg with L2; hepatopulmonary migration

Question 34

What is the indirect transmission of Baylisascaris procyonis?

Answer 34

PH: small mammals, birds | Older raccoons ingest PH

Question 35

What are the accidental hosts of Baylisascaris procyonis?

Answer 35

Humans

Question 36

Why is Baylisascaris procyonis a concern?

Answer 36

Raccoon latrines Children playing Dog can acts as a DH Can spread near people

Question 37

What are the 2 major forms of Toxocariasis that cause it to be a public health concern?

Answer 37

``` Visceral toxocariasos (VT), also called visceral larva migrans (VLM) Ocular toxocarisis (OT), also called ocular larva migrans (OLM) ```

Question 38

What is the pathology of the DH with Baylisascaris spp?

Answer 38

Usually no significant lesions

Question 39

What is the pathology of other hosts with Baylisascaris?

Answer 39

Mechanical damage to tissues; granulomas Brain and spinal cord lesions Lung damage from migration