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Parasitology > Cestodes I and II > Flashcards

Cestodes I and II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of class Cestoda?

A

Acoelomates
Dorsoventrally flat chain of segments
Monoecious

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2
Q

Where are adult cestodes usually found?

A

DH small intestine (there are some exceptions)

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3
Q

Are adult cestodes usually pathogenic?

A

No

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4
Q

What are cestode segments?

A

Proglottids

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5
Q

What is the cestode body?

A

Strobila

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6
Q

What is the anterior end of the cestode?

A

Scolex

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7
Q

Describe the scolex

A

Holdfast organ

May have specialized attachment organs (acetabula/suckers, bothria, bothridia)

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8
Q

What type of life cycle do cestodes use?

A

Indirect

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9
Q

Is the DH of cestodes a predator or prey?

A

Predator

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10
Q

Is the IH of cestodes a predator or prey?

A

Prey

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11
Q

What is the general indirect life cycle of cestodes?

A 
Proglottids with eggs in feces
Eggs in environment ingested
IH with metacestode (larval stage) in tissues
IH ingested
DH with cestode in SI
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12
Q

What are the 2 important cestode orders?

A

Cyclophyllidea

Diphyllobothriidea

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13
Q

What are the cestodes that fall under Cyclophyllidea?

A 
Taenia spp
Echinococcus spp
Diplyidium caninum
Moniezia sp
Anoplocephala spp
Paranoplocephala mamillana
Thysanosoma sp
Mesocestoides corti
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14
Q

What are the cestodes that fall under Diphyllobothriidea?

A

Sprimetra spp

Diphyllobothrium latum

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15
Q

What order are the true cestodes?

A

Cyclophyllidea

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16
Q

What order are the primitive cestodes?

A

Diphyllobothriidea

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17
Q

Describe true cestodes

A

Terrestrial life cycle

Cestode larvae require 1 IH, which are various vertebrates and invertebrates

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18
Q

Describe primitive cestodes

A

Aquatic life cycle

Cestode larvae require 2 IHs, the first is a copepod and the second is a fish or non-fish vertebrate

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19
Q

Describe the scolex of Cyclophyllidea

A

Suckers +/- hooks

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20
Q

Describe the eggs of Cyclophyllidea

A

Shed in gravid proglottids; eggs without operculum

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21
Q

What is the genital pore location in Cyclophyllidea?

A

Lateral

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22
Q

How many IH(s) are there for Cyclophyllidea?

A

1

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23
Q

Describe the larval stage of Cyclophyllidea

A

6 types

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24
Q

Describe the scolex of Diphyllobothriidea

A

Bothria (grooves)

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25
Describe the eggs of Diphyllobothriidea
Shed from pore in proglottids; eggs operculate
26
What is the genital pore location in Diphyllobothriidea?
Medial (with uterine pore)
27
How many IH(s) are there for Diphyllobothriidea?
2
28
Describe the larval stage of Diphyllobothriidea
2 stages
29
What is a larval cestode in IH?
Metacestode
30
Which are more often associated with disease, metacestodes or adult cestodes?
Metacestodes
31
What do the 6 types of Cyclophyllidean larval stages depend on?
Species
32
Describe the 6 types of Cyclophyllidean larval stages
Metacestodes that develop into 1 adult in DH: Cysticercus Strobliocercus Cysticercoid Metacestodes that develop into multiple adults in DH: Coenurus Uniocular hydatid cyst Alveolar (multiocular) hydatid
33
What are the 2 stages for Diphyllobothriideans?
Procercoid develops in 1st IH Plerocercoid develops in 2nd IH ----Each plerocercoid develops into 1 adult cestode
34
Describe cysticercus
"bladderworm" Small, fluid-filled; scolex inside e.g. taenia pisiforms Develops into 1 adult
35
Describe strobilocercus
Fluid-filled bladder, but scolex everted Taenia taeniaformis Develops into 1 adult
36
Describe cysticercoid
Solid (vs bladder); scolex inside Cestodes with arthropod IH Dipylidium caninum, Anoplocephalids Develops into 1 adult
37
Describe coenurus
Multiple larvae attached in cyst Taenia multiceps Develops into multiple adults
38
Describe uniocular hydatid cyst
Cysts in cysts; internal budding Thick-walled; slow growing Echinococcous granulosis Develops into multiple adults
39
Describe alveolar (multiocualr) hydatid
External budding Thin-walled; invasive; faster growht Echinococcous multilocularis Develops into multiple adults
40
What budding does unilocular hydatid cyst have?
Endogenous budding (slow growing; thick-walled)
41
What budding does mutliocular have?
Exogenous budding (fast growing; thin-walled)
42
What are the 2 genera of importance in the Cyclophyllidea family Taeniidae?
Taenia | Echinoccocus
43
What are the DH and IH of Taeniidae?
Mammals
44
Is the family Taeniidae zoonotic?
Yes, humans may be DH or dead-end IH
45
What is used to treat cestodes?
Praziquantel Epsiprantel Fenbendazole NOT avermectins/milbemycins
46
What is the DH of Taenia pisiformis?
Canids
47
What is the IH of Taenia pisiformis?
Rabbit
48
What is the life cycle of Taenia pisiformis?
Cysticercus is digested by DH --> scolex embeds in SI mucose --> develops in adult Proglottids shed in feces Egg ingested by IH, hatches --> hexacanth embryo migrates to organ --> develops into cysticercus
49
What is the DH of Taenia hydatigena?
Canids
50
What is the IH of Taenia hydatigena?
Ruminants, swine
51
What is the life cylce of Taenia hydatigena?
Cysticercus is digested by DH --> scolex embeds in SI mucose --> develops in adult Proglottids shed in feces Cysticercus in peritoneal membranes of IH
52
Which Taenia is more common in common dogs?
T. pisiformis
53
What is the DH of Taenia taeniaeformis?
Felids
54
What is the IH of Taenia taeniaformis?
Rodents
55
What is the life cycle of Taenia Taniaeformis
Strobilocercus is digested by DH --> scolex embeds in SI mucosa --> develops into adult Proglottids shed in feces Strobilocercus in liver, peritoneum of IH
56
What is the PPP of Taenia pisiformia?
2 months
57
What is the PPP of Taenia hydatigena?
1.5 months
58
What is the PPP of Taenia taeniaformia?
1.5 months
59
Which Taenia spp are of public health importance? What are they found in?
Taenia solium: pork tapeworm | Taenia sagniata: beef tapeworm
60
What is the DH of Taenia solium?
Humans
61
What is the IH of Taenia solium?
Swine | Humans can become accidental IH
62
What is the life cycle of Taenia solium?
DH is humans Proglottids shed in feces Custicercus in muscle of IH
63
What is the DH of Taenia saginata?
Humans
64
What is the IH of Taenia sagniata?
Cattle
65
What is the life cycle of Taenia saginata?
DH is humans Proglottids shed in feces Cysticercus in muscle of IH
66
How can humans be an accidental IH for T. solium?
Self infection with eggs Cysticerci in various locations Neurocysticerosis
67
What are the adult stages of Echinococcus spp like?
Very small
68
What are the metacestodes of Echinococcous spp like?
Very large
69
What is the zoonosis of Echinoccous spp metacestodes?
They are zoonotic
70
What is the DH of Echinococcus granulosus?
Canids
71
What is the IH of Echinococcus granulosus?
Primarily ungulates
72
What is the life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus?
Hydatid is digested by DH --> scolices embeded in SI mucosa --> develop into adults Taeniid eggs in feces Unilocular hydatid cyst in liver, lung, and other organs of IH
73
What is the sylvatic cycle of Echinococcus granulosus?
Wolf (DH) --> caribou (IH) | Dingo (DH) --> kangaroo (IH)
74
What is the domestic cycle of Echinococucs granulosus?
Dogs (DH) --> sheep (IH)
75
What is the zoonotic risk with Echinococcus granulosus?
Humans are accidental IH Primaruly by ingesting eggs while handling dogs Benign neoplasia; cystic echinococcosis Endemic areas in Australia, Africa, South America
76
What is the DH of Echinococcous multiocularis?
Foxes, other canids; rarely cats
77
What is the IH of Echinococcous multiocularis?
Rodents
78
What is the life cycle of Echinococcous multiocularis?
Hydatid is digested by DH --> scolices embeded in SI mucosa --> develop into adults Taeniid eggs in feces Multiocular hydatid cyst in abdominal cavity of IH
79
What is the most common cycle of Echinococcous multiocularis that we see?
Sylvatic cycle: artic fox (DH) --> vole (IH)
80
Is there a zoonotic risk with Echinococcous multiocularis?
Humans are rarely an accidental IH
81
What are other names for Diplydium caninum?
Cucumber tapeworm Flea tapeworm Double-pored tapeworm
82
What is the DH of Diplydium caninum?
Felids and canids
83
How is the DH infected with Diplydium caninum?
Ingestion of infected IH
84
What is the IH is Dipylidium caninum?
Ctenocephalides felis
85
Can people get Diplydium caninum?
Yes, by eating the infected flea (especially kids)
86
What is the life cycle of Diplydium caninum?
``` Egg "packets" Flea larva ingests eggs Cysticercoid in IH DH ingests flea Proglottids shed in feces ```
87
What is the PPP of Diplydium caninum?
2-3 weeks
88
What is the DH of Anop;pcephala perfoliata?
Equids
89
Where is Anoplocephala perfoliata found in equids?
Ileum, cecum, ileocecal junction
90
What is the IH of Anoplocephala perfoliata?
Oribatid (free-living) mites
91
What can Anoplocephala perfoliata cause pathology in?
DH: may be associated with certain types of colic
92
What is the larval stage with Anoplcephala perfoliata?
Cysticercoid
93
Describe Anoplocephala magna
Life cycle similar to A. perfoliata Posterior small intestine Larger than A. perfoliata; no lappets Relatively harmless
94
Describe Paranoplocephala mamillana
Life cycle similar to A. perfoliata Anterior small intestine Smaller than A. perfoliata; no lappets Relatively harmless
95
What is the DH of Moniezia spp?
Ruminants
96
What is the IH of Moniezia spp?
Oribatid mites
97
What is the larval stage of Moniezia spp?
Cysticercoid
98
Are Moniezia spp considered pathogenic?
No
99
What is found in the egg of Anoplocephala spp, Paranoplocephala and Moniezia spp?
Pyriform apparatus
100
What is Thysanosoma sp?
Fringed tapeworm
101
What is the DH of Thysanosoma sp?
Small ruminants; rarely cattle and deer
102
What is the IH of Thysanosoma sp?
Booklice or bark lice
103
Where are adult Thysanoma sp found?
In bile duct and duodenum
104
What is the larval stage of Thysanomsoma sp?
Cysticercoid
105
What is the DH of Spirometra spp?
Felids (bobcat) Canids Raccoons
106
What is the 1st IH for Spirometra spp?
Copepod (procercoid)
107
What is the 2nd IH for Spirometra spp?
Lots... non-fish vertebrates (plerocercoid)
108
What is the PH of Spirometra spp?
Non-fish vertebrates
109
Where are Spirometra spp common?
Southeastern US
110
What are adult Spirometra spp associated with?
GI signs in dogs and cats (vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss)
111
What is sparganosis?
When the plerocercoid of Spriometra spp causes disease in humans
112
What can humans become with Spirometra spp?
2nd IH- ingestion of copepod with procercoid | or PH- ingestion or transfer or plerocercoid
113
What happens if a cat ingests copepods with the procercoid?
It gets sparganosis and becomes a 2nd IH
114
What is the DH of Diphyllobothrium latum?
Canids, felids, humans
115
What is the 1st IH of Diphyllobothrium latum?
Copepods (procercoid)
116
What is the 2nd IH of Diphyllobothrium latum?
Small freshwater fish (plerocercoid)
117
What is the PH of Diphyllobothrium latum?
Large freshwater fish
118
Describe human infections with Diphyllobothrium latum
No or mild clinical disease Acute: GI symptoms Chronic: Vit B12 deficiency --> deficiency; nerve degeneration
119
What is the pathogenesis of adult Cyclophyllidean cestodes in the DH?
Generally do not cause disease
120
What is the pathogenesis of Diphyllobothriidean cestodes in the DH?
They are more likely to cause disease
121
What does the pathogenesis of metacestodes in IH depend on?
Location Size Invasiveness
122
What is the pathogenesis of Diphyllobothriidean metacestodes in 2nd IH?
Spirometra causes sparaganosis
123
What is important in controlling cestodes?
Prevention of infection and reinfection (flea control, prevent carnivory)
124
What are the zoonotic cestodes with humans as accidental IH?
Echinococcus granulosus E. multiocularis Spirometra spp (2nd IH or PH) Taenia solium
125
What are the zoonotic cestodes with humans as accidental or normal DH?
Diplyidium caninum (accidental) Taenia solium Taenia saginata Diphyllobothrium latum

Parasitology (27 decks)

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