Nematodes VIII: Capillarids, Trichinella, and Trichurids

Question 1

What is unique about the superfamily Trichinelloidea eggs?

Answer 1

All lay eggs with 2 polar plugs except Trichinella spp. in which females are larviparous

Question 2

What is the superfamily Trichinelloidea characterized by?

Answer 2

Stichosomse esophagus

Question 3

What is the tube in the superfamily Trichinelloidea surrounded by?

Answer 3

Cells called stichocytes, which are arranged single file down the length of the tube

Question 4

What is the host of Trichuris suis?

Answer 4

Swine

Question 5

What is the route of infection of Trichuris suis?

Answer 5

Peroral

Question 6

What is the PPP of Trichuris suis?

Answer 6

6-7 weeks

Question 7

What is the host of Trichuris disolor, T. krjabini, and T. ovis?

Answer 7

Ruminants

Question 8

What is the route of infection of Trichuris disolor, T. krjabini, and T. ovis?

Answer 8

Peroral

Question 9

What is the PPP of Trichuris disolor, T. krjabini, and T. ovis?

Answer 9

7-9 weeks

Question 10

What is the host of Trichuris vulpis?

Answer 10

Canids

Question 11

What is the route of infection of Trichuris vulpis?

Answer 11

Peroral

Question 12

What is the PPP of Trichuris vulpis?

Answer 12

11-12 weeks

Question 13

What is the host of Trichuris campanula?

Answer 13

Felids

Question 14

What is the route of infection of Trichuris campanula?

Answer 14

Peroral

Question 15

What is the PPP of Trichuris campanula?

Answer 15

8-13 weeks

Question 16

What is the host and route of infection of Trichuris serrata?

Answer 16

Rare to show in a host

Peroral

Question 17

What is the life cycle of Trichuris spp.?

Answer 17

Eggs passed in feces
L1 develops in egg; does not hatch
L1 in egg ingested
Hatches in SI
Migrates to mucosal glands of cecum
L1, L2, L3, immature afult
Immature adults return to lumen of cecum
Adults attach to mucosa

Question 18

How long are infective Trichuris vulpis viable?

Answer 18

Years

Question 19

Is there disease associated with developing Trichuris vulpis larvae?

Answer 19

No, it’s when they get into the cecum

Question 20

What is the technique of choice when diagnosing Trichuris spp?

Answer 20

Fecal flotation

Question 21

How can you control Trichuris spp?

Answer 21

Change your management techniques

Question 22

What is the DH of Eucoleus aerophilus?

Answer 22

Cats, dogs, carnivores

Question 23

What is the site of Eucoleus aerophilus adults?

Answer 23

Epithelium of trachea

Bronchioles

Question 24

What is the host of Eucoleus boehmi?

Answer 24

Canids

Question 25

What is the site of Eucoleus boehmi adults?

Answer 25

Mucosa of nasal turbinates or frontal/paranasal sinuses

Question 26

What is the host of Aonchotheca putorii?

Answer 26

Cats and dogs

Question 27

What is the site of Aonchotheca putorii adults?

Answer 27

Stomach

Question 28

What is the host of Pearsonema plica?

Answer 28

Cats and dogs

Question 29

What is the site of Pearsonema plica adults?

Answer 29

Urinary bladder mucose

Question 30

What is the host of Pearsonema felis-cati?

Answer 30

Cats

Question 31

What is the site of Peasonemal felis-cati adults?

Answer 31

Urinary bladder mucosa or free in bladder

Question 32

What is Eucoleus aerophils primarily a parasite of?

Answer 32

Respiratory tract of fox

Question 33

What is the life cycle of Eucoleus boehmi?

Answer 33

Direct | Adults threaded through nasal sinus mucosa

Question 34

What is the DH of Trichinella spiralis

Answer 34

Swine

Question 35

What is the site of Trichinella spiralis?

Answer 35

Mucosa of small intestine

Question 36

What Trichinella species are found in the US?

Answer 36

T. nativa T. pseudospiralis T. murelli

Question 37

What is the DH of Trichinellosis?

Answer 37

Adult nematodes in intestines

Question 38

What is the ingective stage of Trichinellosis?

Answer 38

L1 distributed in cysts (nurse cell) throughout the muscle of host

Question 39

What are the Trichinella spirallis cycles?

Answer 39

Sylvatic cycle Domestine (urban) cycle Human infection

Question 40

What is the sylvatc cycle of Trichinella spiralis?

Answer 40

Predation | Wild carnivorous/omnivorous mammals and prey species

Question 41

What is the domestic cycle of Trichinella spiralis?

Answer 41

Meat scraps/cannibalism | Prey species ingested by pigs, dogs, or cats

Question 42

What causes human infections with Triichinella spiralis?

Answer 42

``` Undercooked; Pork Pork products Horse meat Bear meat Walrus meat ```

Question 43

What causes clinical signs with Trichinella spiralis?

Answer 43

Adult worms in SI | Larvae (L1 in muscle)

Question 44

Are there signs in swine naturally infected with Trichinella spiralis?

Answer 44

No

Question 45

What is the pathology associated with Trichinella spiralis?

Answer 45

Larvae enter myocytes and are encapsulated by host-derived membrane Cysts calcify over time Myocarditis

Question 46

How do you diagnose Trichinella spiralis?

Answer 46

Muscle biopsy/squash

Question 47

What does the muscle biopsy/squash deteect?

Answer 47

3 larvae/g of muscle

Question 48

What is involved in the pre-slaughter control of Trichinella spiralis?

Answer 48

OIE: world organization for animal health

Question 49

What is the purpose of OIE?

Answer 49

Farm audits performed by veterinarians Certify farms as free from Trichinella spiralis infection To open up trade restrictions

Question 50

What are post ahrvest methods for Trichinella spp. management?

Answer 50

Slaughter testing Processing techniques Consumer education

Question 51

What is Dioctophyme renale?

Answer 51

Giant kidney worm

Question 52

What is the DH of Dioctophyme renale?

Answer 52

Mustelids (mink, weasels, otters, badgers, ferrets) | Carnivores, canids, felids

Question 53

What is the IH of Dioctophyme renale?

Answer 53

Invertebrates (earthworms)

Question 54

What is the PH of Dioctophyme renale?

Answer 54

Crustaceans

Question 55

What are incidental hosts of Dioctophyme renale?

Answer 55

Other mammals Herbivories Humans (public health risk)

Question 56

Where can you usually find Dioctophyme renale adults?

Answer 56

Right kidney

Question 57

Where are Dioctophyme renale eggs found?

Answer 57

In urine (sediment)