Nematodes VIII: Capillarids, Trichinella, and Trichurids Flashcards
What is unique about the superfamily Trichinelloidea eggs?
All lay eggs with 2 polar plugs except Trichinella spp. in which females are larviparous
What is the superfamily Trichinelloidea characterized by?
Stichosomse esophagus
What is the tube in the superfamily Trichinelloidea surrounded by?
Cells called stichocytes, which are arranged single file down the length of the tube
What is the host of Trichuris suis?
Swine
What is the route of infection of Trichuris suis?
Peroral
What is the PPP of Trichuris suis?
6-7 weeks
What is the host of Trichuris disolor, T. krjabini, and T. ovis?
Ruminants
What is the route of infection of Trichuris disolor, T. krjabini, and T. ovis?
Peroral
What is the PPP of Trichuris disolor, T. krjabini, and T. ovis?
7-9 weeks
What is the host of Trichuris vulpis?
Canids
What is the route of infection of Trichuris vulpis?
Peroral
What is the PPP of Trichuris vulpis?
11-12 weeks
What is the host of Trichuris campanula?
Felids
What is the route of infection of Trichuris campanula?
Peroral
What is the PPP of Trichuris campanula?
8-13 weeks
What is the host and route of infection of Trichuris serrata?
Rare to show in a host
Peroral
What is the life cycle of Trichuris spp.?
Eggs passed in feces L1 develops in egg; does not hatch L1 in egg ingested Hatches in SI Migrates to mucosal glands of cecum L1, L2, L3, immature afult Immature adults return to lumen of cecum Adults attach to mucosa
How long are infective Trichuris vulpis viable?
Years
Is there disease associated with developing Trichuris vulpis larvae?
No, it’s when they get into the cecum
What is the technique of choice when diagnosing Trichuris spp?
Fecal flotation
How can you control Trichuris spp?
Change your management techniques
What is the DH of Eucoleus aerophilus?
Cats, dogs, carnivores
What is the site of Eucoleus aerophilus adults?
Epithelium of trachea
Bronchioles
What is the host of Eucoleus boehmi?
Canids
What is the site of Eucoleus boehmi adults?
Mucosa of nasal turbinates or frontal/paranasal sinuses
What is the host of Aonchotheca putorii?
Cats and dogs
What is the site of Aonchotheca putorii adults?
Stomach
What is the host of Pearsonema plica?
Cats and dogs
What is the site of Pearsonema plica adults?
Urinary bladder mucose
What is the host of Pearsonema felis-cati?
Cats
What is the site of Peasonemal felis-cati adults?
Urinary bladder mucosa or free in bladder
What is Eucoleus aerophils primarily a parasite of?
Respiratory tract of fox
What is the life cycle of Eucoleus boehmi?
Direct
Adults threaded through nasal sinus mucosa
What is the DH of Trichinella spiralis
Swine
What is the site of Trichinella spiralis?
Mucosa of small intestine
What Trichinella species are found in the US?
T. nativa
T. pseudospiralis
T. murelli
What is the DH of Trichinellosis?
Adult nematodes in intestines
What is the ingective stage of Trichinellosis?
L1 distributed in cysts (nurse cell) throughout the muscle of host
What are the Trichinella spirallis cycles?
Sylvatic cycle
Domestine (urban) cycle
Human infection
What is the sylvatc cycle of Trichinella spiralis?
Predation
Wild carnivorous/omnivorous mammals and prey species
What is the domestic cycle of Trichinella spiralis?
Meat scraps/cannibalism
Prey species ingested by pigs, dogs, or cats
What causes human infections with Triichinella spiralis?
Undercooked; Pork Pork products Horse meat Bear meat Walrus meat
What causes clinical signs with Trichinella spiralis?
Adult worms in SI
Larvae (L1 in muscle)
Are there signs in swine naturally infected with Trichinella spiralis?
No
What is the pathology associated with Trichinella spiralis?
Larvae enter myocytes and are encapsulated by host-derived membrane
Cysts calcify over time
Myocarditis
How do you diagnose Trichinella spiralis?
Muscle biopsy/squash
What does the muscle biopsy/squash deteect?
3 larvae/g of muscle
What is involved in the pre-slaughter control of Trichinella spiralis?
OIE: world organization for animal health
What is the purpose of OIE?
Farm audits performed by veterinarians
Certify farms as free from Trichinella spiralis infection
To open up trade restrictions
What are post ahrvest methods for Trichinella spp. management?
Slaughter testing
Processing techniques
Consumer education
What is Dioctophyme renale?
Giant kidney worm
What is the DH of Dioctophyme renale?
Mustelids (mink, weasels, otters, badgers, ferrets)
Carnivores, canids, felids
What is the IH of Dioctophyme renale?
Invertebrates (earthworms)
What is the PH of Dioctophyme renale?
Crustaceans
What are incidental hosts of Dioctophyme renale?
Other mammals
Herbivories
Humans (public health risk)
Where can you usually find Dioctophyme renale adults?
Right kidney
Where are Dioctophyme renale eggs found?
In urine (sediment)