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Parasitology > Nematodes II: Spirurids and Oxyurids > Flashcards

Nematodes II: Spirurids and Oxyurids Flashcards

1
Q

What is the morphology of Spirurida?

A

Tight spirally coiled tail of male
Most have 2 lateral lips
Esophagus divided into anterior and posterior glandular portion

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2
Q

What are the species in the Spirurida order?

A 
Physaloptera
Dracunculus insignis
Draschia
Habronema
Spirocerca lupi
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3
Q

What is the distribution of Physaloptera spp (stomach worm)?

A

Most common in midwestern US in dogs and cats

Especially in animals with outdoor access/history of prey consumption

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4
Q

What is DH of Physaloptera?

A

Canids and felids

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5
Q

What is the PPP of Physaloptera?

A

41-83 days

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6
Q

What is the Physaloptera life cycle?

A 
Larvated eggs in feces
DH ingests PH or IH with infective L3
L3 attaches to the stomach wall
L4 is in the stomach
Adults are in the stomach
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7
Q

What is the IH of Physaloptera?

A

Beetles, cockroaches, crickets

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8
Q

What is the life cycle of Physaloptera in the IH?

A

L1 hatches
L2
L3 is infective

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9
Q

What are the PH of Physaloptera?

A

Amphibians
Reptiles
Mammals

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10
Q

How does the PH get infected with Physaloptera?

A

Ingest IH first

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11
Q

What is the diagnostic stage of Physaloptera?

A

Eggs with L1 or adults attached to the mucosa of the stomach

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12
Q

What is the pathogenesis of adult Physaloptera?

A 
Attach to mucosa
Feed on blood and mucosa
Ulceration
Hemorrhage
Catarrhal gastritis
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13
Q

What are the Physaloptera clinical signs?

A

Usually asymptomatic
GI (possibly chronic vomiting, secondary to gastritis, esophagitis, regurgitation)
Systemic (anorexia, weight loss, lethargy)

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14
Q

How can you diagnose Physaloptera adults?

A

About 44mm
Endoscopy
Vomitus

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15
Q

What is the difference between Ascarid and Physaloptera?

A

Ascarids are often found in the stomach at necropsy

Physalopteras have the head embedded in mucosa

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16
Q

How do you diagnose Physloptera eggs?

A

Not usually found on fecal flotation

Fecal sedimentation

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17
Q

What is the distribution of Dracunculus insignis?

A

North America

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18
Q

What are the DH of Dracunculus insignis?

A

Raccoons
Mink
Canids
Felids (rare)

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19
Q

What is the Dracunculus insignis life cycle?

A

L1 released into water
Males die
DH ingests PH or IH with infective L3 (in water)
Females in SubQ extremities

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20
Q

What is the IH of Dracunculus insignis?

A

Copepods

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21
Q

What is the PH of Dracunculus insignis?

A

Frogs

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22
Q

Where will you find Dracunuculus insignis L3?

A

Thoracic and abdominal muscles

SubQ tissues

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23
Q

Where will you find Dracunuculus insignis L4?

A

SubQ tissues

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24
Q

Where will you find Dracunuculus insignis adult?

A

SubQ tissues

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25
Q

What are the Dracunculus insignis clinical signs?

A

Pyogranulomatous inflammation

Chronic nodules or abscesses (primary locations are limbs and abdomen)

26
Q

How do you diagnose Dracunculus insignis L1?

A

Impression smears of lesions/discharge

It has a complete digestive tract and it has a prominent, long, and pointed tail

27
Q

How do you diagnose Dracunculus insignis adult?

A

Remove adult females from nodules

28
Q

What is the DH of Draschia and Habronema?

A

Equids

29
Q

What are the intermediate hosts of Draschia and Habronema?

A 
Musca domestica (house fly**)
Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly)
30
Q

What is the distribution of Drachia and Habronema?

A

Worldwide

In US, the house fly is the most important

31
Q

What is the life cycle of Draschia and Habronema?

A 
L1 +/- eggs in feces
L3 transferred to DH
DH ingests IH with infective L3
L3 is in the stomach
L4 is in the stomach
Adults are in the stomach
Eggs hatch in the GI tract
32
Q

What is the life cycle of Draschia and Habronema in the IH?

A

L1 ingested by fly larvae
L1 matures to L2 which matures to the infective L3 in the fly
Adult fly feeds on DH
Infective L3 migrates to the head of the fly
Fly feeds on horse
L3 is transferred to DH
Horse licks and ingests infective L3 or ingest fly

33
Q

Is there a blood meal needed to infect an animals with Draschia and Habronema?

A

No

34
Q

What is the Draschia and Habrinema pathogenesis?

A

Tumor-like lesions near margo plicatus

35
Q

What are the clinical signs with Draschia and Habronema adults?

A

Usually asymptomatic
Gastritis
Perforation
Peritonitis

36
Q

What are the clinical signs with Draschia and Habronema larvae?

A

Granulomatous lesions

Cutaneous (summer sores)

37
Q

How do you diagnose Draschia and Habronema eggs?

A

Not fecal flotation

PCR of feces to differentite species

38
Q

How do you diagnose Draschia and Habronema larvae?

A

Lesions

39
Q

How do you diagnose Draschia and Habronema adults?

A

Necropsy

40
Q

What is the DH of Spirocerca lupi (esophageal worm)?

A

Dogs

Cats

41
Q

What is the life cycle of Spirocerca lupi?

A

Larvated eggs in feces
DH ingests PH or IH with infective L3
L3 penetrates gastric wall
L3 walls of gastroepiploic and gastric aa —> celiac artery—> thoracic aorta —> L4 —> adults
Adults migrate to connective tissue
Adults found in nodules in esophageal wall, stomach

42
Q

What is the IH of Spirocerca lupi?

A

Coprophagous beetle

43
Q

How does the IH get Spirocerca lupi?

A

Ingests L1 in egg

L1 –> L2–> infective L3

44
Q

What are the PH of Spirocerca lupi?

A

Mammals
Birds
Lizards
Toads

45
Q

How does the PH get Spirocerca lupi?

A

PH ingests IH with infective L3

46
Q

What is the distribution of Spirocerca lupi?

A

Worldwide in warmer climates, tropical and subtropical

47
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Spirocerca lupi?

A

Aortic aneurysms
Thrombosis
Esophagus has granulomas and sarcomas

48
Q

Describe nodule/granulomas associated with Spirocerca lupi

A

Form around worms in wall of esophagus

49
Q

Describe sarcomas associated with Spirocerca lupi

A

Worms in wall of esophagus

Sarcoma developed around them

50
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Spirocerca lupi?

A 
Esophageal dysphagia
Vomiting
Esophageal neoplasia
Aortic aneurysm or rupture
Thickening of long bones chracteristic of hypertrophic osteopathy
51
Q

How do you diagnose Spirocerca lupi eggs?

A 
Fecal flotation (NaNO3 solution)
Vomitus: thick-shelled, larvated, 34 x 13 μm
52
Q

How do you diagnose Spirocerca lupi adults?

A

Vomitus

Necropsy

53
Q

What is the DH of Oxyuris equi (pinworms)?

A

Equids

54
Q

What is the distribution of Oxyuris equi?

A

Worldwide

55
Q

What is the life cycle of Oxyuris equi?

A

Eggs L1 –> L2 –> L3 in eggs (4-5 days)
Cement fries, cracks; eggs fall off or are rubbed off
L3 in egg (infective) ingested by DH
L3 hatch in SI; feed on intestinal mucosa
3rd molt in mucosal crypts
L4 ventral colon
Adults in dorsal colon feed on gut contents
Female moves to anus
Female lays eggs in gelatinous substance, “cement”, under tail

56
Q

What is the primary importance in pathology with Oxyuris equi?

A

Egg laying females

57
Q

What does Oxyuris equi egg laying females do?

A

Travel to rectum
Females extrude through the host’s anus
Lay eggs on perineum in clumos contained in gelatinous material
Inflammation of cecum, colon

58
Q

Describe L4 Oxyuris equi

A

Relatively large buccal cavity
Attach to intestinal mucosa
Feed by intestine plugs
Mucosal erosions –> little pathology

59
Q

Describe Oxyuris equi adults

A

Free in intestinal lumen
Feed on gut contents
No pathology

60
Q

What is the definitive method of diagnosing Oxyuris equi?

A

Scotch tape method

Parasitology (27 decks)

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