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Laura Nappi online course > Treatment Options: Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Treatment Options: Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

chemo is a _____ treatment

A

systemic

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2
Q

what does it mean to be a “systemic” treatment?

A

treats the whole body/whole body is effected

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3
Q

chemo is different from RT and surgery how?

A

chemo is a systemic trt and RT and surgery are localized

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4
Q

______ = damages tumor cells

A

cytotoxic

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5
Q

Cytotoxic agents like chemo, can damage both tumor and normal cells - what is the difference?

A

tumor cells will not grow back, normal cells though damaged, can recover

… just like RT

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6
Q

chemo affects cells differently when?

A

in different cell cycle phases

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7
Q

cancer cells in general ______ quicker, making them ___more/less___ sensitive to chemo, and RT

A

proliferate (divide) quicker

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8
Q

T/F: chemo can be used alone and OR WITH other trt modalities

A

TRUE

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9
Q

how can chemo be administered? (5)

A

topically (skin)
intrathecally (spine)
intraperitoneally (injected into abdomen)
intravenously (IV)
orally (mouth)

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10
Q

for what admin route of chemo does an MD HAVE to be present and administer?

A

intrathecally (spine)

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11
Q

the following are types of chemo drug classifications -

_______ agents, nitro______, anti_______, _________ antibiotics, h______ agents, _______ inhibitors, ______ alkaloids, ______steroids

A

alkylating agents, nitrosoureas, antimetabolites, antitumor antibiotics, hormonal agents, topoisomerase inhibitors, vinca alkaloids, corticosteroids

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12
Q

what chemo drug classification has a chemical structure similar to mustard gas?

A

alkylating agents

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13
Q

how do alkylating agents stop cell division?

A

by damaging DNA and hindering nucleic acids

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14
Q

what specific cell cycle, if any, does alkylating agents affect?

A

they are not cell cycle specific and can work during any cell cycle phase

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15
Q

alkylating agents are used to treat what cancers?

A

lung
ovarian
lymphoma; Hodgkins
multiple myeloma
breast
leukemia
Sarcoma

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16
Q

the following are examples of what chemo drug classification?

carboplatin
cisplatin
cyclophosphamide
dacarbazine
ifosfamide
lomustine

A

alkylating agents

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17
Q

what chemo drug classification is a subgroup of alkylating agents?

A

nitrosoureas

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18
Q

how do nitrosoureas stop cell division?

A

-they hinder DNA synthesis
-cross the BBB (blood brain barrier) into the brain –> they are lipid soluble

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19
Q

which chemo drug classification is lipid soluble and can cross the BBB (Blood Brain Barrier)

A

nitrosoureas

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20
Q

what specific cell cycle, if any, do nitrosoureas affect?

A

they are not cell cycle specific

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21
Q

what cancer do nitrosoureas treat?

A

brain tumors

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22
Q

the following are examples of what chemo drug classification?

carmustine
lomustine
streptozcin

A

nitrosoureas

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23
Q

how do antimetabolites stop cell division?

A

-they disturb formation of nucleic acids and cell reproduction
-act as substitutes for nucleic acids during DNA and RNA formation

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24
Q

what specific cell cycle, if any, do antimetabolites affect?

A

they are more affective during the S phase

25
Q

what cancers do antimetabolites treat?

A

leukemia
breast
ovarian
intestinal tract - small//large

26
Q

the following are examples of what chemo drug classification?

5 FU
methotrexate
gemcitabine
xeloda
hydroxurea

A

antimetabolites

27
Q

how do antitumor antibiotics stop cell division?

A

-stop DNA/RNA transcription
-does not treat infection, treats tumors

28
Q

what specific cell cycle, if any, do antitumor antibiotics affect?

A

they are not specific overall, however! are more effective during S and G2 phases

29
Q

what cancers do antitumor antibiotics treat?

A

various cancers

30
Q

the following are examples of what chemo drug classification?

Adriamycin
bleomycin

A

antitumor antibiotics

31
Q

_____ chemo drug can cause CARDIAC toxicity

A

Adriamycin

32
Q

_____ chemo drug can cause LUNG toxicity

A

bleomycin

33
Q

how do hormonal agents stop cell division?

A

by removing/replacing natural hormones

34
Q

what specific cell cycle, if any, do hormonal agents affect?

A

they aren’t cell cycle specific

35
Q

what cancers do hormonal agents treat?

A

breast
prostate

36
Q

the following are examples of what chemo drug classification?

tamoxifen
leuprolide

A

hormonal agents

37
Q

what chemo drug classification are plant alkaloids?

A

topoisomerase inhibitors

38
Q

how do topoisomerase inhibitors stop cell division?

A

they interfere with enzymes & DNA replication

39
Q

what specific cell cycle, if any, do topoisomerase inhibitors affect?

A

they are not cell cycle specific

40
Q

what cancers do topoisomerase inhibitors treat?

A

some leukemias and lung cancers
ovarian
GI tract
colorectal
pancreas

41
Q

the following are examples of what chemo drug classification?

topotecan
etoposide

A

topoisomerase inhibitors

42
Q

enzymes are known as _________

A

topoisomerases

43
Q

_______ help separate strands of DNA to prepare for copying

A

enzymes

44
Q

what chemo drug classification originates from the periwinkle plant?

A

vinca alkaloids

45
Q

how do vinca alkaloids stop cell division?

A

they stop cell replication

46
Q

what specific cell cycle, if any, do vinca alkaloids affect?

A

M phase (Metaphase)
-they stop cell replication in metaphase

47
Q

what cancers do vinca alkaloids treat?

A

myeloma
breast’
lymphoma
lung cancers
leukemias

48
Q

the following are examples of what chemo drug classification?

vincristine
vinblastine
paclitaxel

A

vinca alkaloids

49
Q

what chemo drug classification can treat cancer, but also prevent side effects of chemo like nausea, vomiting, and allergic reactions

A

corticosteroids

50
Q

how do corticosteroids stop cell division?

A

-they are natural hormones
-hormone like drugs

51
Q

the following are examples of what chemo drug classification?

-prednisone
-dexamethasone

A

corticosteroids

52
Q

what chemo combo does Breast cancer use?

A

CMF
-cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5 FU

53
Q

what chemo combo does NHL (Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma) use?

A

CHOP
-cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone

54
Q

what chemo combo(s) does HL (Hodgkins Lymphoma) use?

A

ABVD = adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine
MOPP = nitrogen mustard, oncovin, prednisone, procarbazine

55
Q

what specific agents make up chemo combo CHOP

A

-cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone

56
Q

what specific agents make up chemo combo MOPP

A
  • nitrogen mustard, oncovin, prednisone, procarbazine
57
Q

what specific agents make up chemo combo ABVD

A
  • adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine
58
Q

what specific agents make up chemo combo CMF

A
  • cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5 FU

Laura Nappi online course (54 decks)

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