Esophagus

Question 1

the esophagus is part of the ____ tract

Answer 1

GI

Question 2

T/F: the esophagus is a hollow muscular tube

Answer 2

true

Question 3

the esophagus connects what to what?

Answer 3

pharynx to the stomach

Question 4

how long is the esophagus?

Answer 4

25 cm in length

Question 5

there are 4 divisions of the esophagus, name them -

Answer 5

1. cervical
2. upper thoracic
3. middle thoracic
4. lower thoracic

Question 6

how many divisions are there of the esophagus? *hint it is under 5 divisions

Answer 6

4

Question 7

what does GE stand for of the GE junction -

Answer 7

Gastroesophageal junction

Question 8

the esophagus is located posterior to the _______, and anterior to the ________

Answer 8

posterior to the trachea, and anterior to the spine

Question 9

what is the diameter of the esophagus?

Answer 9

about 2 cm

Question 10

the hollow opening to the stomach from the esophagus is referred to as the ______

Answer 10

lumen

Question 11

the esophagus attaches to the stomach at the _______ junction

Answer 11

GE junction; gastroesopgeal junction

Question 12

the GE junction is made of a ring of ____

Answer 12

muscle

Question 13

what are the 3 layers of the esophagus? inner to outer

Answer 13

innermost = mucosa
then submucosa
lastly outermost = muscular layer

Question 14

what are the sublayers of the mucosa? (3)

Answer 14

epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa

Question 15

of the sublayers of the mucosa, which is the innermost, middle, and outermost?

Answer 15

innermost - epithelium
middle - lamina propria
outermost - muscularis mucosa

Question 16

the epithelium sublayer of the mucosa layer is made of what types of cells?

Answer 16

squamous cells

Question 17

of what mucosa sublayer do most esophageal cancers arise?

Answer 17

epithelium

Question 18

lamina propria sublayer is made of ______ tissue

Answer 18

connective tissue

Question 19

muscularis mucosa sublayer is a __thin/thick___ muscular layer

Answer 19

thin muscular layer

Question 20

what layer of the esophagus - mucosa, submucosa, or muscular layer - contains the blood vessels, nerves, and some glands that secrete mucous

Answer 20

submucosa

Question 21

the submucosa layer is made of _____ tissue

Answer 21

connective

Question 22

what layer of the esophagus, helps push food down to the stomach? - mucosa, submucosa, or muscular layer

Answer 22

muscular layer

Question 23

what are the 2 main types/pathology’s of esophageal cancers?

Answer 23

squamous cell and adenocarcinoma

Question 24

when cancers occur in the lining of esophagus they are ____ cell type. What about when they occur in glands?

Answer 24

lining = squamous
glands = adenocarcinoma

Question 25

which pathology is more common in cancers in the cervical esophagus, upper and middle thoracic…

Answer 25

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 26

which pathology is more common in the lower thoracic esophagus and GE junction?

Answer 26

adenocarcinoma

Question 27

the adenocarcinoma esophagus pathology has a risk factor that is called “________ esophagus”

Answer 27

Barret’s

Question 28

when does Barret’s esophagus occur? hint* when there is long-term ___

Answer 28

when there is long-term reflux of stomach acid into lower esophagus. Damaging the esophageal layers and lining

Question 29

which is the most common esophagus pathology in the US? - adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 29

adenocarcinoma !!!!!

Question 30

what type of spread is unique to esophagus cancers? hint* ____ lesions

Answer 30

skip lesions

Question 31

for metastatic spread where does esophageal cancer tend to go?

Answer 31

liver and lungs

Question 32

where does the esophagus have lymphatic vessels?

Answer 32

in the submucosa layer, making lymphatic spread very likely for esophagus

Question 33

T/F: since skip lesions/mets is common for esophagus, the fields tend to be larger to encompass all involved lymphatics

Answer 33

true

Question 34

T/F: the following are all possible esophagus lymphatics

Answer 34

true