Esophagus Flashcards
the esophagus is part of the ____ tract
GI
T/F: the esophagus is a hollow muscular tube
true
the esophagus connects what to what?
pharynx to the stomach
how long is the esophagus?
25 cm in length
there are 4 divisions of the esophagus, name them -
- cervical
- upper thoracic
- middle thoracic
- lower thoracic
how many divisions are there of the esophagus? *hint it is under 5 divisions
4
what does GE stand for of the GE junction -
Gastroesophageal junction
the esophagus is located posterior to the _______, and anterior to the ________
posterior to the trachea, and anterior to the spine
what is the diameter of the esophagus?
about 2 cm
the hollow opening to the stomach from the esophagus is referred to as the ______
lumen
the esophagus attaches to the stomach at the _______ junction
GE junction; gastroesopgeal junction
the GE junction is made of a ring of ____
muscle
what are the 3 layers of the esophagus? inner to outer
innermost = mucosa
then submucosa
lastly outermost = muscular layer
what are the sublayers of the mucosa? (3)
epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
of the sublayers of the mucosa, which is the innermost, middle, and outermost?
innermost - epithelium
middle - lamina propria
outermost - muscularis mucosa
the epithelium sublayer of the mucosa layer is made of what types of cells?
squamous cells
of what mucosa sublayer do most esophageal cancers arise?
epithelium
lamina propria sublayer is made of ______ tissue
connective tissue
muscularis mucosa sublayer is a __thin/thick___ muscular layer
thin muscular layer
what layer of the esophagus - mucosa, submucosa, or muscular layer - contains the blood vessels, nerves, and some glands that secrete mucous
submucosa
the submucosa layer is made of _____ tissue
connective
what layer of the esophagus, helps push food down to the stomach? - mucosa, submucosa, or muscular layer
muscular layer
what are the 2 main types/pathology’s of esophageal cancers?
squamous cell and adenocarcinoma
when cancers occur in the lining of esophagus they are ____ cell type. What about when they occur in glands?
lining = squamous
glands = adenocarcinoma
which pathology is more common in cancers in the cervical esophagus, upper and middle thoracic…
squamous cell carcinoma
which pathology is more common in the lower thoracic esophagus and GE junction?
adenocarcinoma
the adenocarcinoma esophagus pathology has a risk factor that is called “________ esophagus”
Barret’s
when does Barret’s esophagus occur? hint* when there is long-term ___
when there is long-term reflux of stomach acid into lower esophagus. Damaging the esophageal layers and lining
which is the most common esophagus pathology in the US? - adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma !!!!!
what type of spread is unique to esophagus cancers? hint* ____ lesions
skip lesions
for metastatic spread where does esophageal cancer tend to go?
liver and lungs
where does the esophagus have lymphatic vessels?
in the submucosa layer, making lymphatic spread very likely for esophagus
T/F: since skip lesions/mets is common for esophagus, the fields tend to be larger to encompass all involved lymphatics
true
T/F: the following are all possible esophagus lymphatics
true
