Imaging Procedures

Question 1

IGRT stands for what?

Answer 1

Image Guided Radiotherapy

Question 2

IGRT images the patient ___after/prior___ to treatment

Answer 2

prior

Question 3

IGRT is a way to confirm what?

Answer 3

patient positioning

Question 4

MV and kV sources are calibrated to the same __________

Answer 4

isocenter

Question 5

____ imaging =

-image patient on table prior to treatment
-after imaging, shifts are made prior to beam on

Answer 5

online imaging

Question 6

______ imaging =

-images are reviewed after trt
-example is when rad onc looks at images after trt

Answer 6

offline imaging

Question 7

EPID stands for what?

Answer 7

electronic portal imaging devices

Question 8

EPID took the place of what old technique?

Answer 8

developing/exposing films

Question 9

what allows us to image and see those images instantly?

Answer 9

EPID

Question 10

what does OBI stand for?

Answer 10

On Board Imaging

Question 11

what does ODI stand for?

Answer 11

Optical Distance Indicator - projects our SSD numbers

Question 12

with ____ we can image bone, soft tissue, fiducial markers and compare them to sim images in order to ensure proper positioning

Answer 12

IGRT

Question 13

2D images are like ______ or ______ and can be compared to DRRs
– whereas 3D images are like our _______ which are compared to CT

Answer 13

MV ports or kV imaging = 2D

CBCT = 3D

Question 14

overall, IGRT reduces _______ uncertainties and reduces the chance of a geometrical miss of the tumor

Answer 14

set-up

Question 15

IGRT allows for a smaller ____. Which leads to fewer trt complications and allows for an increased dose to tumor

Answer 15

PTV

Question 16

modern LINACs have 2 types of imaging systems being ____ and _____

Answer 16

kV and MV

Question 17

the following is describing MV or kV ?

-conventional xray tube and flat panel detector

Answer 17

kV

Question 18

the following is describing MV or kV ?

-uses same trt source (ie. source comes from trt head)
-has panel detector opposite of LINAC trt head

Answer 18

MV

Question 19

T/F: both the KV arms and MV panel are retractable

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

MV stands for _______

Answer 20

megavoltage

Question 21

kV stands for __________

Answer 21

kilovoltage

Question 22

port films/portal imaging is MV or kV?

Answer 22

MV

Question 23

comparing kV and MV… which has poorer image quality?

Answer 23

MV

Question 24

why does MV have poorer image quality than kV?

Answer 24

mainly due to Compton Scatter from the MV source (trt head)

Question 25

___ images are required for 3D plans

Answer 25

MV

Question 26

MV images are required for 3D plans and are considered _________ documents

Answer 26

legal

Question 27

what exposure types does MV imaging have? (2)

Answer 27

-single open port and -double exposure

Question 28

the following is describing MV single open port or double? -takes one port w/ MLCs and whatever other beam shaping devices may be in place, and then ANOTHER open port to view more anatomy

Answer 28

double

Question 29

the following is describing MV single open port or double? -takes a port with no MLCs or beam shaping devices

Answer 29

single beam open

Question 30

MV images (single open port and double) are taken in what view?

Answer 30

BEV (beam's eye view)

Question 31

BEV stands for what?

Answer 31

Beam's Eye View

Question 32

why does it make sense that an MV image is in BEV?

Answer 32

MV source comes from trt head

Question 33

a _______ exposure port film is required minimum of how often for both 3D and complex plans?

Answer 33

double exposure port film is required minimum of once a wk for both 3D and complex plans!!! - considered a legal document

Question 34

the following is describing MV or kV ? -acquired in orthogonal pairs

Answer 34

kV

Question 35

kV imaging is used for _____scopy

Answer 35

fluoroscopy

Question 36

_________ = real-time imaging to show patient motion; an xray imaging procedure that takes a realtime video showing movement within the body

Answer 36

fluoroscopy

Question 37

_____ _____ = orthogonal pair of 2D images; 90 degrees apart = orthogonal

Answer 37

kV pair

Question 38

which has BETTER image quality between an MV and kV image

Answer 38

kV

Question 39

which is good for bony anatomy? -CBCT -kV -MV

Answer 39

kV

Question 40

the kV source is located ___ degrees from the MV source and MV panel

Answer 40

90

Question 41

the kV source is located ___ degrees from it's detector panel

Answer 41

180

Question 42

what types of CBCTs are there? (2)

Answer 42

kv-CBCT MV-CBCT

Question 43

which is most common CBCT? (kv vs. MV)

Answer 43

kv-CBCT

Question 44

the following is describing MV or kV CBCT? -best for soft tissue matching -higher contrast -more photoelectric effect

Answer 44

kV-CBCT

Question 45

what energies does kV-CBCT use typically? (kVp)

Answer 45

30-140 kVp

Question 46

what energies does MV-CBCT use typically? (MV)

Answer 46

1-6 MV

Question 47

_____ utilizes 3D technique/effect alongside kV or MV source(s)

Answer 47

CBCT

Question 48

CBCTs are gotten by ________around the patient, unlike a stationary 2D image

Answer 48

rotating

Question 49

CBCTs are reconstructed in the ____, _____, and ____ planes for imaging

Answer 49

axial sagittal coronal

Question 50

which CBCT (kV or MV) acquires images with LESS artifacts when imaging patients with metal

Answer 50

MV-CBCT; MV

Question 51

the following is describing MV or kV CBCT? -lower contrast -best for imaging high Z # materials -more Compton scatter

Answer 51

MV-CBCT **the Compton scatter is what ultimately lowers the image contrast

Question 52

___-CBCT has higher contrast whereas __-CBCT has lower contrast

Answer 52

MV-CBCT= lower contrast kV-CBCT = higher contrast

Question 53

MV or kV -CBCT is often seen with tomo units

Answer 53

MV-CBCT

Question 54

MV-CBCT Compton scatter basically ____ out any metal artifacts

Answer 54

blurs

Question 55

describe tomotherapy unit -

Answer 55

basically CT scanner and radiation trt machine in one

Question 56

label the following as kV or MV images -

Answer 56

A = kV B = MV