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Laura Nappi online course > Lung > Flashcards

Lung Flashcards

1
Q

how many lungs do we have?

A

2 - a RT and LT

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2
Q

how many lobes does the RT lung have?

A

3

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3
Q

how many lobes does the LT lung?

A

2

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4
Q

lungs are surrounded by lining called _______

A

pleura

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5
Q

the outer pleura attached to the chest wall, is called what?

A

parietal pleura

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6
Q

the diaphragm is ___bone/muscle___

A

muscle

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7
Q

the _____ is where vessels enter and exit the lungs

A

hilum

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8
Q

even though the RT lung has 3 lobes it is a bit shorter than the LT lung. why?

A

due to the liver

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9
Q

even though the LT lung has 2 lobes it is a bit longer than the RT, however is ___bigger/smaller___. why?

A

LT lung is long and small - as the heart takes up a big portion of space

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10
Q

T/F: LT lung is small and long and the RT lung is big and short

A

true

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11
Q

the inner pleura that covers the lungs, is called what?

A

visceral pleura

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12
Q

between the pleura is the ____ space

A

pleural space

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13
Q

at the inferior aspect of the lungs is a domed shaped muscle, what is it called?

A

diaphragm

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14
Q

label the diagram of the lungs -

A

A. trachea
B. bronchi
C. upper
D. Lower
E. Upper
F. diaphragm
G. ribs

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15
Q

what does the diaphragm separate?

A

lungs from the abdomen

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16
Q

the diaphragm helps us breath how?

A

by forcing air in & out of the lungs

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17
Q

T/F: when we breathe, there is a specific order of airflow

A

true

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18
Q

what is order of airflow? (7 steps)

A
  1. nose/mouth
  2. trachea
  3. primary bronchi
  4. secondary bronchi
  5. tertiary bronchi
  6. bronchioles
  7. alveolar ducts
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19
Q

our wind pipe is also known as the ___

A

trachea

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20
Q

the ____ divides/bifurcates into primary bronchi

A

trachea

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21
Q

the bifurcation of the trachea is also known collectively as the _____

A

carina

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22
Q

the carina is located at what level?

A

T4-T5

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23
Q

primary bronchi divide into what?

A

secondary and tertiary bronchi –> which continue to divide down into bronchioles

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24
Q

______ are air sacks that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

alveoli

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25
Q

what are the main risk factors of lung cancer?

A

smoke, radon exposure, asbestos exposure

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26
Q

asbestos exposure leads to an increased risk of getting what type of lung cancer?

A

mesothelioma

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27
Q

____ is the number risk of lung cancer

A

smoke/smoking - cigarette, cigar, second hand, firsthand

28
Q

radon exposure can increase chances of _____ cancer

29
Q

_________ is a carcinoma that starts in the pleura/lining

A

mesothelioma

30
Q

T/F: lung cancers typically do not have signs and symptoms until later more advanced stages

31
Q

what are symptoms of lung cancer? (8)

A
  • persistent cough
  • coughing up blood
  • shortness of breath
  • chest pain
  • hoarseness
  • weight loss w/o trying
  • bone pain
  • headache
32
Q

what are the 2 major histopathology’s of lung cancer

A

small cell lung cancer (SCLC) AND non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

33
Q

_______ lung cancer is also called “oat cell”

A

SCLC (small cell lung cancer)

34
Q

__SCLC/NSCLC__ makes up 10-15% of all lung cancers

35
Q

which is more aggressive - NSCLC or SCLC

36
Q

what is main risk factor of developing SCLC

A
  • smoking tobacco
37
Q

which is more common near the central region of lungs near bronchi? - SCLC or NSCLC

38
Q

would you rather have a tumor in center of lungs or on periphery?

A

periphery tumor, has better prognosis than a centrally located tumor

39
Q

what treatment is used with SCLC as it tends to spread quickly.

A

PCI (Prophylactic cranial irradiation)

40
Q

which lung cancer histology is more common? - NSCLC or SCLC

41
Q

T/F: more than half patients with SCLC have spread at time of diagnosis, beyond supraclav area; extensive disease

42
Q

T/F: SCLC responds well to chemo and radiation, however - they are not considered a cure as SCLC has high likeliness of metastasis

43
Q

T/F: it is very likely for patient’s with SCLC to develop a CNS metastasis

44
Q

___SCLC/NSCLC___ makes up 80-85% of all lung cancers

45
Q

what are the 3 subtypes of NSCLC?

A

adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma

46
Q

which subtype of NSCLC is NOT associated with cigarette smoking?

A

adenocarcinoma

47
Q

which subtype of NSCLC is more common in women?

A

adenocarcinoma

48
Q

adenocarcinoma subtype of NSCLC is found commonly where in lung? central or periphery

49
Q

which subtype of NSCLC IS associated with tobacco smoking?

A

squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

50
Q

Adenocarcinoma or Squamous cell carcinoma is found in lining of the airways

A

SCC (squamous cell carcinoma)

51
Q

what subtype of NSCLC can occur anywhere in the lungs and grows quickly

A

large cell carcinoma

52
Q

which subtype of NSCLC is NOT associated with smoking/patients that do not have a history of smoking?

A

adenocarcinoma

53
Q

squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma - starts in the cells that line the alveoli and make mucous

A

adenocarcinoma

54
Q

describe the staging of SCLC - *hint it can be split into two

A

limited stage and extensive stage

55
Q

describe the NSCLC staging - *hint it can be split into two

A

clinical stage and pathologic stage

56
Q

the following is describing which stage of SCLC? - limited or extensive
- occurs on one side if lung
- limited to lymph nodes on ipsilateral side
- can include ipsilateral supraclavicular nodes & mediastinal lymph nodes

A

limited SCLC

57
Q

the following is describing which stage of SCLC? - limited or extensive
-spreads to both sides of lung
- spread to lymph nodes on either side
- spread to other body parts

A

extensive SCLC

58
Q

the following is describing which stage of NSCLC? - clinical stage or pathologic stage
- uses physical exam
- biopsy
- imaging tests

A

clinical stage NSCLC

59
Q

the following is describing which stage of NSCLC? - clinical stage or pathologic stage
-staging after removing tissue during surgery

A

pathologic stage NSCLC

60
Q

T/F: NSCLC and SCLC have different stagings

A

true -
SCLC is either extensive or limited
NSCLC is either clinical or pathologic

61
Q
  1. __NSCLC/SCLC___ is either extensive or limited
  2. ___NSCLC/SCLC___ is either clinical or pathologic
A
  1. SCLC
  2. NSCLC
62
Q

what are common lymph nodes lung cancer will spread to? (4)

A

bronchopulmonary, hilar, interlobar, and mediastinal

63
Q

the following nodes makes up Superior or Inferior mediastinal nodes -
-paratracheal
-retrotracheal
-azygos nodes

A

Superior mediastinal nodes

64
Q

the following nodes makes up Superior or Inferior mediastinal nodes -
-subcarinal
-paraesophageal
-pulmonary ligament nodes

A

Inferior mediastinal nodes

65
Q

where does lung cancer spread locally?

A

other parts of lung, ribs, heart, esophagus, spine

66
Q

where does lung cancer spread distally?

A

Liver, brain, bones, bone marrow, adrenal glands, kidneys

Laura Nappi online course (54 decks)

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