Skeletal Flashcards
skeletal system is made of ____ and _____
bone and cartilage
____ are the supportive framework or the human body
bones
_____ bone is the OUTER layer
Cortical
_____ bone is the INNER layer
Trabecular
_____ is the outer covering
Periosteum
___ = shaft of bone
Diaphysis * die with shaft in
____ = knoblike end of bone
Epiphysis * E = END
____ cavity = inner cavity of bone
medullary cavity
______ = lining
Endosteum
which part of bone contains bone marrow?
medullary cavity
bones start as _______
cartilage
____ helps form cartilage into bone!
calcium
_____ can stay at ends of bones and act as cushion, ie. our joints
cartilage
two cell types within a bone are what?
osteoclasts and osteoblast
osteo___ are cells that form new bones
osteoblasts
osteo___ are cells that dissolve old bone
osteoclasts
tumors typically occur in areas of rapid growth, such as a ____ plate
growth
most common areas for bone tumors are ____ and _____. And why?
distal femur and proximal tibia - they have the largest growth plates
majority of bone tumors ____are/are not____ metastatic
ARE metastatic; bone mets
what primary bone tumor is most common?
osteosarcomas
typically osteosarcomas occur in children, teens, and young adults however - which age group is most common
teens
osteosarcomas typically occur in what areas? (3)
femur, tibia, humerus
osteoblastic, chondroblastic, and fibroblastic are all subtypes of what primary bone cancer?
osteosarcomas
behind osteosarcomas, what primary bone cancer is most common in children, teens, and young adults?
Ewing sarcoma
ewing sarcoma of the __bone/soft tissue__ is most common type of ewing sarcoma
bone
which responds better to radiation? - ewing sarcomas or osteosarcoma?
ewing sarcoma
EOE stands for what?
Extra Osseous Ewing - sarcomas
____ occur in soft tissue around the bones
EOE (Extra Osseous Ewing)
PPNET stands for what?
Peripheral, Primitive, Neuroectodermal Tumors
most common site for a ewing tumor to occur is where?
pelvis, chest wall, or legs
osteosarcomas occur more commonly on ends (Epi) or bones or middle/shaft (Dia)? what about Ewing?
ends for osteosarcomas, middle/shaft for ewing
what cancer starts in cartilage cells
chondrosarcoma
what cancer starts in connective tissues?
MFH (Maligagnt Fibrous Histiocytoma)
Chondrosarcomas are graded __-__
1-3
MFH (Maligagnt Fibrous Histiocytoma) is also known as what?
UPS (high grade Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of bone)
overall, lymphatic spread is ___rare/common___ for bone tumors
rare
if bone tumor WERE to occur in lower limb/lower half of trunk, what nodes would be 1st?
What about upper limb/upper half of trunk bone tumor?
What about a skull or facial bone tumor?
lower – femoral nodes
upper – axillary
skull/face – neck nodes
where do bone spread to 1st?
lung
**T/F: even though osteosarcoma is most common primary bone tumor, bone mets is still most common bone tumor overall
true
