Trauma and Head Injury Flashcards
What are the main types of brain trauma?
Direct head trauma
Indirect head trauma
What are the features of a direct head trauma?
Bruises Skin laceration Skull fracture Extradural haematoma Closed or open injury
What are the features of an indirect head trauma?
No bruises Subdural haematoma Traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage Contusion Diffuse axonal injury IVH
What are the main causes of head trauma?
Road traffic accidents Physical assaults Falls Sport related injuries Suicidal attempts Gun shot injuries
What are the symptoms of a head trauma?
Headache Nausea and vomiting Dizziness Ataxia Seizure Unresponsive and unconscious Diplopia Slurred speech Respiratory/cardiac arrest
What can cause an open injury to the head?
Sharp or blunt objects
Gun shot wounds
Explosions
What are some of the examples of a closed head injury?
Extradural and subdural haemorrhage Traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage Contusion Intraventricular haemorrhage Diffuse axonal injury
What is contusion?
A region of injured tissue or skin in which blood capillaries have been ruptured; a bruise
What is a diffuse axonal injury?
Damage in the form of extensive white lesions in white matter tracts over a widespread injury
What is the treatment for head trauma?
Surgery
CSF diversion