Blood Supply to the Brain and Spinal Cord Flashcards
At what spinal level does the common carotid artery bifurcate?
C4
What is the pathway of the ICA into the cranial cavity?
Move up the carotid sheath to the carotid canal
Pass through the cavernous sinus
What branches does the ICA give rise to?
Ophthalmic
Middle cerebral
Posterior communicating
Anterior cerebral
What arteries give rise to the vertebral arteries?
Subclavian
What is the pathway of the vertebral arteries into the cranial cavity?
Transverse foramen in the spine
Foramen magnum
What branches do the vertebral arteries give rise to?
Meningeal branches
Anterior and posterior spinal
Posterior inferior cerebellar
In which fissure is the anterior cerebral artery found?
Longitudinal fissure
In which fissure is the middle cerebral artery found?
Lateral fissure
In which fissure is the posterior cerebral artery found?
Transverse fissure
What functional areas does the middle cerebral artery supply?
Primary motor cortex
Primary sensory area
Primary auditory area
Area for olfaction
Where does the primary visual cortex receive its blood supply from?
Calcarine branch of posterior cerebral artery
What artery is formed from the convergence of the vertebral arteries?
Basilar artery
What main arteries form the Circle of Willis?
Anterior cerebral arteries
Internal carotid arteries
Posterior cerebral arteries
What part of the brain does the anterior cerebral artery supply?
Anteromedial part of the cerebrum
What part of the brain does the middle cerebral artery supply?
Lateral part of the brain
What part of the brain does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
Posterior part of the cerebrum
What arteries supply the spinal cord?
Anterior spinal artery
2 posterior arteries
Where do the venous sinuses ultimately drain to?
Internal jugular vein
How many venous sinuses are there?
11
What venous sinuses are found in the fall cerebri?
Superior sagittal sinus
Inferior sagittal sinus
Straight sinus
Where do the sinuses converge?
Confluence of the sinuses
What pathway does the confluence of sinuses take to the internal jugular vein?
Transverse to sigmoid to internal jugular vein
Where is the cavernous sinus located?
Either side of the sella turcica
What drains into the cavernous sinus?
Ophthalmic sinus
What are the superficial veins which drain the cerebral cortex?
Superior cerebral vein Superficial middle cerebral vein Inferior cerebral vein Superior anastamotic vein Inferior anastomotic vein
What veins are responsible for draining the cerebellar cortex?
Superior cerebellar veins
Inferior cerebellar veins
What veins are responsible for draining the spinal cord?
3 anterior spinal veins
3 posterior spinal veins
What is the function of the ventricles?
Production, transport and removal of CSF
What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid?
Protection (cushions brain)
Buoyancy (reduces weight of brain, so reduced pressure on base)
Chemical stability
What are the ventricles lined with?
Ependymal cells
What do the ependymal cells form?
Choroid plexus
What are the ventricles embryologically derived from?
Neural tube
Hw many ventricles are there?
4
Where are the lateral ventricles located?
Cerebrum (horns extend into occipital, frontal and temporal lobes)
Where is the third ventricle located?
Between the right and left thalamus
What connects the third ventricle to the lateral ventricles?
Foramen of Munro
What are the 2 processes that are found on the third ventricle?
Supra optic recess
Infundibular recess
Where is the supra optic recess located?
Above the optic chiasma
Where is the infundibular recess located?
Above the optic stalk
Where is the fourth ventricle located?
Between the pons and the medulla
What connects the third and fourth ventricles?
Cerebral aqueduct
From the fourth ventricle, where does the CSF drain?
Central spinal canal
Subarachnoid cisterns
What produces CSF?
Choroid plexus
