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Neurology > Degenerative Diseases of the CNS > Flashcards

Degenerative Diseases of the CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common features of neurodegenerative diseases?

A

Largely unknown aetiology
Gradual progression
Usually late onset
Neuronal loss

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2
Q

What is dementia?

A

Progressive impairment of multiple domains of cognitive function in alert patient leading to loss of acquired skills and interference in occupational and social role

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3
Q

What are the causes of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s
Vascular
Lewy body
Frontotemporal

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4
Q

What are the mimics of dementia?

A

Hydrocephalus
Tumour
Depression (pseudodepression)

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5
Q

What are the treatable reasons which cause dementia?

A

B12 deficiency
Thyroid disease
HIV
Syphilis

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6
Q

What investigations are used to diagnose dementia?

A 
Bloods
CT/MRI 
CSF
EEG 
Functional imaging 
Genetics
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7
Q

How is cognitive function examined?

A 
Screening tests ( mini mental, Montreal)
Memory, attention, language, visuospatial, behaviour, emotion, executive function, aspraxias
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8
Q

What type of dementia is associated with Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Temporo-parietal dementia

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9
Q

What clinical signs are associated with Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Early memory disturbance
Language and visuospatial problems
Personality preserved until later

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10
Q

What affects are observed with fronto-temporal dementia?

A

Early change in dementia/ behaviour
Often change in eating habits
Early dysphasia
Memory/visuospatial relatively preserved

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11
Q

What are the non pharmacological symptomatic treatments for dementia?

A

Occupational therapy
Information and support, dementia services
Social work/ respite/ placement

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12
Q

What aspects of dementia can be treated pharmacologically?

A

Insomnia
Behaviour
Depression

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13
Q

What are the specific treatments for Alzheimer’s?

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

NMDA antagonist

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14
Q

What are the different types of cholinesterase inhibitors?

A

Donepezil
Rivastigmine
Galantamine

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15
Q

What is an example on an NMDA antagonist?

A

Mematine

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16
Q

How is Parkinson’s disease diagnosed?

A

Bradykinesia
Rigidity
Tremor
Postural instability (MUST HAVE AT LEAST 2)

17
Q

What are the causes of Parkinson’s?

A

Idiopathic (dementia with Lewy bodies)
Drug induced (dopamine antagonists)
Vascular parkinsonism

18
Q

What functional imaging is used within Parkinson’s?

A

Dopamine transporter SPECT

19
Q

What are some of the drug induced complications of Parkinson’s treatment?

A

Motor fluctuations (levodopa wears off)
Dyskinesias (involuntary movements)
Hallucinations, impulse control

20
Q

What are some of the non drug induced complications of Parkinson’s treatment?

A 
Depression 
Dementia 
Speech, swallow, 
Balance 
Autonomic (BP, bladder, bowel)
21
Q

What are some of later treatments offered for Parkinson’s?

A

Deep brain stimulation

Continuous infusion of apomorphine or Duodopa

Neurology (39 decks)

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