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Neurology > Common Conditions of the Eye > Flashcards

Common Conditions of the Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cataract?

A

An opacification of the lens

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2
Q

Why do cataracts develop?

A

Older fibres never shed, compacted in middle

Absorbs harmful UV rays and get damaged

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3
Q

What does cataracts initially look like?

A

Spoke like opacities

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4
Q

What type of cataracts occur during childhood?

A

Sutural

Zonular

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5
Q

Why must childhood cataracts be treated aggressively?

A

Brain will suppress the image formed on the retina in that eye, will adjust to lower image acuity

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6
Q

How are cataracts treated?

A

Surgery (cataractous lens removed by emulsification, plastic lens placed in capsular bag)

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7
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

Raised intraocular pressure

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of glaucoma?

A

Primary open angle glaucoma

Angle closure glaucoma

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9
Q

What are the consequences of raised intraocular pressure?

A

Pressure on optic nerve head and nerve fibres on retina surface, die out causing altered field of vision or blindness

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10
Q

How are primary open angle glaucomas managed?

A

Eye drops decrease pressure
Laser trabeculectomy
Trabeculectomy surgery

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of angle closure glaucoma?

A

Sudden onset
Pain
Vision loss/blurred
Headaches (often confused as migraines)

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12
Q

What are the clinical signs of angle closure glaucoma?

A

Red eye
Cornea often opaque
Pupil mid dilated
IOP severely raised

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13
Q

Why does the angle close to cause glaucoma?

A

Periphery of iris crowds around angle, outflow is obstructed
Iris sticks to pupillary border which prevents reaching AC

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14
Q

How do you manage an acute episode of glaucoma?

A

Decrease IOP with IV infusion, constructor eye drops, steroid eye drops
Iridotomy

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15
Q

What type of epithelium is present on the cornea?

A

Stratified squamous non-keartinised

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16
Q

What are the causes of corneal ulcers?

A

Trauma
Corneal degenerations/dystrophy
Viral/bacterial/fungal infections

17
Q

How do corneal dystrophies present?

A

Decreased vision

18
Q

What is a lattice (stromal) dystrophies?

A

Deposition of amyloid material in corneal stroma

19
Q

How do lattice dystrophies present?

A

Eye irritation
Photosensitivity
Pain
Blurred vision

20
Q

What is a Fuch’s endothelial dystrophy?

A

Destruction and death of endothelial cells causing progressive bilateral oedema

21
Q

How are dystrophies managed?

A

Symptom mangement

Corneal transplant in later stages

22
Q

What is the surgical benefit of corneal transplantation?

A

Avascularity means lesser chance of foreign antigens from graft being recognised by recipient so lesser chance of rejection

23
Q

What is uveitis?

A

Inflammation of uvea

24
Q

Where would you find the different types of uveitis?

A

Anterior - Iris with or without ciliary body
Intermediate - ciliary body
Posterior - Choroid

25
Q

What are the causes of uveitis?

A

TB
Ankylosing spondylosis
Autoimmune causes

26
Q

What happens in anterior uveitis?

A

Uvea leaks plasma and white blood cells into the aqueous humour

27
Q

What is seen on examination of an anterior uveitis?

A

Hazy anterior chamber

Cells deposited at back of the cornea

28
Q

What are the symptoms of anterior uveitis>

A

Eye is red, painful

Visual loss

29
Q

What is seen on examination of intermediate and posterior uveitis?

A

Hazy vitreous

30
Q

What are the symptoms intermediate/posterior uveitis?

A

Hazy vision

31
Q

What are the symptoms of conjunctivitis?

A

Red, watering eyes
Discharge
No loss of vision

32
Q

What is the treatment for conjunctivitis?

A

Antibacterial eye drops if the cause is bacterial

33
Q

What is the tarsal plate?

A

Connective tissue which helps evert the eyelids

34
Q

What is the cause of an external stye?

A

Infection of the hair follicle of the eyelash

35
Q

What is the cause of an internal stye?

A

Blockage and infection of the Meibomian glands

Neurology (39 decks)

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