Topography of the Brain Flashcards
What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
Where are tracts found?
White matter
What cranial nerves exit from the medulla?
All except 1 and 2
What are the functions of the brainstem?
Pathway for tracts
Innervation of head and neck
Autonomic control of vital centres (cardiorespiratory)
What ventricle is associated with the medulla?
4th ventricle
What does the medulla once it has passed through the foramen magnum?
Spinal cord
What connects the medulla to the cerebellum?
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Where is the 4th ventricle in relation to the pons?
4th ventricle is posterior to the pons
What cranial nerves are associated with the medulla?
Cranial nerves 9, 10, 11 and 12
What surface features are found on the pons?
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Cranial nerves 5, 6, 7 and 8
What does the midbrain develop from?
Mesencephalon
What surface features are found on the midbrain?
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Cranial nerves 3 and 4
Superior and inferior colliculus
What central cavity is present in the midbrain?
Cerebral aqueduct
What does the cerebral aqueduct connect?
3rd and 4th ventricles
What are the hemispheres of the cerebellum separated by?
Vermis
What are the lobes of the cerebellar hemispheres?
Anterior
Posterior
Flocculonodular
What are the functions of the cerebellum?
Posture maintenance
Fine tuning motor activity
What does the diencephalon develop from?
Diencephalic vesicle
What are the paired structures of the diencephalon?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus (and pituitary)
Epithalamus (pineal gland)
Where are the paired structures of the diencephalon found?
Mainly grey matter
What side of the body does the cerebellum control?
Same side
What is the contents of the thalamus?
Groups of nuclei
What is the function of the thalamus?
Sensory relay station
Where is the hypothalamus located?
Below the thalamus
How is the hypothalamus separated from the thalamus?
Hypothalamic sulcus
What is the role of hypothalamus?
Autonomic control centre Body temperature regulation Food intake regulation Water balance and thirst regulation Sleep wake regulation Control of endocrine system functioning
Where do the internal carotid arteries enter the skull?
Carotid canal (foramen lacerum)
Where do the vertebral arteries enter the skull?
Foramen magnum
What branches of the internal carotid arteries supply the brain?
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior communicating artery
What branches of the internal carotid artery supply a large part of the cerebral hemispheres?
Anterior cerebral arteries
Middle cerebral arteries
What do the vertebral arteries form when joined?
Basilar artery on the ventral surface of the brainstem
What areas do the vertebra-bassilar system supply?
Brainstem and cerebellum
What level does the basilar artery end?
Midbrain
What does the basilar artery divide into?
Posterior cerebral arteries
What area do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?
Posterior part of the cerebral hemispheres
What comprises the circle of Willis?
ICA branches
Posterior cerebral arteries
What is the clinical importance of the circle of Willis?
Protects against vasoocclusion of large arteries
What area does the anterior cerebral artery supply?
Medial aspect of the cerebral hemispheres
What area does the middle cerebral artery supply?
Lateral aspect of the cerebral hemispheres
What area does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
Inferior aspect of the cerebral hemispheres
Occipital lobe
Where do the veins of the brain drain to?
Venous sinuses
Where are the venous sinuses located?
Between the 2 layers of the dura mater
Where do the venous sinuses drain to?
Internal jugular vein
