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Neurology > Topography of the Brain > Flashcards

Topography of the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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2
Q

Where are tracts found?

A

White matter

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3
Q

What cranial nerves exit from the medulla?

A

All except 1 and 2

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4
Q

What are the functions of the brainstem?

A

Pathway for tracts
Innervation of head and neck
Autonomic control of vital centres (cardiorespiratory)

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5
Q

What ventricle is associated with the medulla?

A

4th ventricle

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6
Q

What does the medulla once it has passed through the foramen magnum?

A

Spinal cord

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7
Q

What connects the medulla to the cerebellum?

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

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8
Q

Where is the 4th ventricle in relation to the pons?

A

4th ventricle is posterior to the pons

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9
Q

What cranial nerves are associated with the medulla?

A

Cranial nerves 9, 10, 11 and 12

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10
Q

What surface features are found on the pons?

A

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Cranial nerves 5, 6, 7 and 8

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11
Q

What does the midbrain develop from?

A

Mesencephalon

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12
Q

What surface features are found on the midbrain?

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle
Cranial nerves 3 and 4
Superior and inferior colliculus

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13
Q

What central cavity is present in the midbrain?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

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14
Q

What does the cerebral aqueduct connect?

A

3rd and 4th ventricles

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15
Q

What are the hemispheres of the cerebellum separated by?

A

Vermis

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16
Q

What are the lobes of the cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Flocculonodular

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17
Q

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

A

Posture maintenance

Fine tuning motor activity

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18
Q

What does the diencephalon develop from?

A

Diencephalic vesicle

19
Q

What are the paired structures of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus (and pituitary)
Epithalamus (pineal gland)

20
Q

Where are the paired structures of the diencephalon found?

A

Mainly grey matter

21
Q

What side of the body does the cerebellum control?

A

Same side

22
Q

What is the contents of the thalamus?

A

Groups of nuclei

23
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

Sensory relay station

24
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

Below the thalamus

25
Q

How is the hypothalamus separated from the thalamus?

A

Hypothalamic sulcus

26
Q

What is the role of hypothalamus?

A 
Autonomic control centre 
Body temperature regulation 
Food intake regulation 
Water balance and thirst regulation 
Sleep wake regulation 
Control of endocrine system functioning
27
Q

Where do the internal carotid arteries enter the skull?

A

Carotid canal (foramen lacerum)

28
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries enter the skull?

A

Foramen magnum

29
Q

What branches of the internal carotid arteries supply the brain?

A

Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior communicating artery

30
Q

What branches of the internal carotid artery supply a large part of the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Anterior cerebral arteries

Middle cerebral arteries

31
Q

What do the vertebral arteries form when joined?

A

Basilar artery on the ventral surface of the brainstem

32
Q

What areas do the vertebra-bassilar system supply?

A

Brainstem and cerebellum

33
Q

What level does the basilar artery end?

A

Midbrain

34
Q

What does the basilar artery divide into?

A

Posterior cerebral arteries

35
Q

What area do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

Posterior part of the cerebral hemispheres

36
Q

What comprises the circle of Willis?

A

ICA branches

Posterior cerebral arteries

37
Q

What is the clinical importance of the circle of Willis?

A

Protects against vasoocclusion of large arteries

38
Q

What area does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Medial aspect of the cerebral hemispheres

39
Q

What area does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

Lateral aspect of the cerebral hemispheres

40
Q

What area does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Inferior aspect of the cerebral hemispheres

Occipital lobe

41
Q

Where do the veins of the brain drain to?

A

Venous sinuses

42
Q

Where are the venous sinuses located?

A

Between the 2 layers of the dura mater

43
Q

Where do the venous sinuses drain to?

A

Internal jugular vein

Neurology (39 decks)

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