Cerebral Hemispheres Flashcards
What are the dips and elevations on the brain surface called?
Sulcus
Gyrus
Where does the central sulcus run from?
Starts at the lateral sulcus and travels to the medial surface
What is the corpus callosum?
A collection of axons going between each of the hemispheres
connects the 2 hemispheres
What part of the dural layers is found in the sulci and gyri?
Pia mater
What part of the cortex does motor innervation come from?
Anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere
What part of the cortex does sensory innervation come from?
Posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere
What is the limbic system responsible for?
Storage and retrieval of processed information
What type of information does the frontal lobe send?
Motor
What is area 4 of the frontal lobe?
Precentral gyrus (Primary motor cortex)
What is the inferior frontal gyrus known as?
Broca’s area of motor speech (area 4,45)
What is the role of the prefrontal cortex?
Cognitive functions of higher orders - intellect, judgement, prediction, planning
What type of information does the parietal lobe deal with?
Somatosensory
What are areas 3,1, and 2 of the parental lobe?
Primary sensory area
What is the role of the superior parietal lobe?
Interpretation of general sensory information and conscious awareness of other side of body
What does the inferior parietal lobe deal with?
Language functions (dominant hemisphere)
What is the main role of the temporal lobe?
Hearing
Smell
What is the found in the superior temporal gyrus?
Primary auditory cortex
What does the inferior temporal surface deal with?
Conscious appreciation of smell
What is the auditory association area known as on the dominant hemisphere?
Wernicke’s area (crucial for understanding spoken word)
What is the primary role of the occipital lobe?
Vision
Where is the primary visual cortex found?
Either side of calcimine sulcus (medial surface of occipital lobe)
What is the role of the visual association cortex?
Interpretation of visual images
What is the role of the limbic lobe?
Memory
Emotional aspects of behaviour
What comprises the limbic lobe?
Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Amygdala
What is aphasia?
Problem with speech sue to damage to one or more speech areas in the brain
What is Broca’s aphasia?
Understands speech
Misses small words
Aware of speech difficulties
Weakness/paralysis on one side
What causes Broca’s aphasia?
Damage to frontal lobe
What is Wernicke’s aphasia?
Fluent speech with meaningless words
Can’t understand speech
Unaware of mistakes
No paralysis
What causes Wernicke’s aphasia?
Damage to temporal lobe
What are the 3 types of myelinated axon fibres
Commisural fibres
Association fibres
Projection fibres
What is the job of the commisural fibres?
Connect corresponding areas of 2 hemispheres
What is the role of the association fibres?
Connect cortex
What is the role of the projection fibres?
Run between cerebral cortex and subcortical centres
What type of fibres make up the internal capsule?
Projection fibres
Where is the internal capsule found?
Between the thalamus and caudate nucleus medially and lentiform nucleus laterally
What comprises the basal ganglia?
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
What comprises the Lentiform nucleus?
Putamen
Globus pallidus
What is the role of the basal ganglia?
Initiation and termination of movements
