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Neurology > Cerebral Hemispheres > Flashcards

Cerebral Hemispheres Flashcards

1
Q

What are the dips and elevations on the brain surface called?

A

Sulcus

Gyrus

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2
Q

Where does the central sulcus run from?

A

Starts at the lateral sulcus and travels to the medial surface

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3
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

A collection of axons going between each of the hemispheres

connects the 2 hemispheres

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4
Q

What part of the dural layers is found in the sulci and gyri?

A

Pia mater

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5
Q

What part of the cortex does motor innervation come from?

A

Anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere

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6
Q

What part of the cortex does sensory innervation come from?

A

Posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere

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7
Q

What is the limbic system responsible for?

A

Storage and retrieval of processed information

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8
Q

What type of information does the frontal lobe send?

A

Motor

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9
Q

What is area 4 of the frontal lobe?

A

Precentral gyrus (Primary motor cortex)

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10
Q

What is the inferior frontal gyrus known as?

A

Broca’s area of motor speech (area 4,45)

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11
Q

What is the role of the prefrontal cortex?

A

Cognitive functions of higher orders - intellect, judgement, prediction, planning

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12
Q

What type of information does the parietal lobe deal with?

A

Somatosensory

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13
Q

What are areas 3,1, and 2 of the parental lobe?

A

Primary sensory area

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14
Q

What is the role of the superior parietal lobe?

A

Interpretation of general sensory information and conscious awareness of other side of body

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15
Q

What does the inferior parietal lobe deal with?

A

Language functions (dominant hemisphere)

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16
Q

What is the main role of the temporal lobe?

A

Hearing

Smell

17
Q

What is the found in the superior temporal gyrus?

A

Primary auditory cortex

18
Q

What does the inferior temporal surface deal with?

A

Conscious appreciation of smell

19
Q

What is the auditory association area known as on the dominant hemisphere?

A

Wernicke’s area (crucial for understanding spoken word)

20
Q

What is the primary role of the occipital lobe?

A

Vision

21
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex found?

A

Either side of calcimine sulcus (medial surface of occipital lobe)

22
Q

What is the role of the visual association cortex?

A

Interpretation of visual images

23
Q

What is the role of the limbic lobe?

A

Memory

Emotional aspects of behaviour

24
Q

What comprises the limbic lobe?

A

Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Amygdala

25
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Problem with speech sue to damage to one or more speech areas in the brain

26
Q

What is Broca’s aphasia?

A

Understands speech
Misses small words
Aware of speech difficulties
Weakness/paralysis on one side

27
Q

What causes Broca’s aphasia?

A

Damage to frontal lobe

28
Q

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Fluent speech with meaningless words
Can’t understand speech
Unaware of mistakes
No paralysis

29
Q

What causes Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Damage to temporal lobe

30
Q

What are the 3 types of myelinated axon fibres

A

Commisural fibres
Association fibres
Projection fibres

31
Q

What is the job of the commisural fibres?

A

Connect corresponding areas of 2 hemispheres

32
Q

What is the role of the association fibres?

A

Connect cortex

33
Q

What is the role of the projection fibres?

A

Run between cerebral cortex and subcortical centres

34
Q

What type of fibres make up the internal capsule?

A

Projection fibres

35
Q

Where is the internal capsule found?

A

Between the thalamus and caudate nucleus medially and lentiform nucleus laterally

36
Q

What comprises the basal ganglia?

A

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus

37
Q

What comprises the Lentiform nucleus?

A

Putamen

Globus pallidus

38
Q

What is the role of the basal ganglia?

A

Initiation and termination of movements

Neurology (39 decks)

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