Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What are the 2 types of nervous cells
Neurons
Glial cells
What is a neuron?
Cell with multiple dendrites and one axon
How do neurons transmit action potentials?
Action potentials can travel in one direction from cell body to synaptic terminal
Where is the cell body of sensory neurons located?
Dorsal root ganglion
What is the function of myelin sheaths?
Increasing conduction speed in axons by saltatory conduction
What is multiple sclerosis?
Patchy loss/scarring of myelin sheath, resulting in abnormal nerve conduction across affected axons
What will be present on an MRI of multiple sclerosis?
Whitish plaques of demyelination
What are the different types of neurons?
Multipolar
Bipolar
Pseudopolar
How are neurons organised?
Axons are bundled together depending on what information they carry
What forms the grey matter inside the CNS?
Cell bodies and non myelinated axons
Nuclei
What forms the white matter inside the CNS?
Myelinated axons/ tracts of axons
What do cell bodies form in the periphery?
Ganglia
What do myelinated axons form in the periphery?
Nerves
What type of glial cells secrete myelin?
Ogliodendrocytes
Schwann
How is the neural tube formed?
Neural plate thickens and folds over
At what stage in development are vesicles formed?
Primary vesicles - week 4
2ry vesicles - week 5
What are the ventricles of the brain?
2 lateral vesicles
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle
What do the ventricles contain?
CSF
Where are the lateral ventricles located?
Cerebral hemispheres
Where is the 3rd ventricle located and what connects it to the lateral ventricles?
Diencephalon
Connected by the inter ventricular foramen
Where is the 4th ventricle located?
Hindbrain
Where is the cerebral aqueduct located?
Midbrain
What are the 3 coverings of the CNS?
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
What are the 3 coverings of the CNS collectively known as?
Meninges
Where is CSF located?
Ventricles of the brain
Central canal of spinal cord
Between the pia mater and arachnoid mater
What is the CSF responsible for?
Maintaining intracranial pressure
How many dural folds are there?
4
What is the function of dural folds?
Keeps the various parts of the brain in place
What is the function of the blood brain barrier?
Helps maintain a stable environment for the brain
Prevents harmful amino acids and ions present in bloodstream entering the brain
What areas of the brain do not have a blood brain barrier?
Hypothalamus
Posterior pituitary
