Memory and Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

Where are memories formed?

A

Limbic system

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2
Q

Where are memories stored?

A

Association areas

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3
Q

What comprises the limbic system?

A

Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Cingulate gyrus
Amygdala

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4
Q

What does electrical stimulation of areas in the brain create?

A

Reward and punishment areas

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5
Q

Why are reward and punishment areas important?

A

Gives a risk significance

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6
Q

How is the hippocampus involved in memory?

A

Sensory information goes through it, relays information to other limbic systems

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7
Q

What will have to the memory of a person with bilateral hippocampal damage?

A
Have immediate and intact long term memory 
Unable to form new memories 
Reflexive memory (motor skills) intact
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8
Q

What are the different types of memory?

A

Immediate/ sensory memory
Short term memory
Intermediate long term memory
Long term memory

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9
Q

What happens to a short term memory if it is deemed significant?

A

Consolidation in long term memory storage

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10
Q

What is anterograde amnesia?

A

Inability to recall events following the injury. Can be short lived or permanent

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11
Q

What is retrograde amnesia?

A

Cannot remember events leading up to the injury

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12
Q

How is intermediate long term memory maintained?

A

Increasing Ca2+ entry to presynaptic terminals, increases neurotransmitter release which strengthens the synapse

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13
Q

How is long term memory maintained?

A

Increase in neurotransmitter sites on presynaptic membrane
Increase in number of neurotransmitter vesicles stored and released
Increase in number of presynaptic terminals

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14
Q

What are the two main types of long term memory?

A

Declarative/ explicit - abstract memory

Procedural/Reflexive/ Implicit - acquired slowly through repetition

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15
Q

How does consolidation occur?

A

Selective strengthening of synaptic connections through repetition

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16
Q

In what diseases can memory become impaired?

A

Korsakoff’s (chronic alcoholism)

Alzheimer’s