Memory and Cognition Flashcards
Where are memories formed?
Limbic system
Where are memories stored?
Association areas
What comprises the limbic system?
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Cingulate gyrus
Amygdala
What does electrical stimulation of areas in the brain create?
Reward and punishment areas
Why are reward and punishment areas important?
Gives a risk significance
How is the hippocampus involved in memory?
Sensory information goes through it, relays information to other limbic systems
What will have to the memory of a person with bilateral hippocampal damage?
Have immediate and intact long term memory Unable to form new memories Reflexive memory (motor skills) intact
What are the different types of memory?
Immediate/ sensory memory
Short term memory
Intermediate long term memory
Long term memory
What happens to a short term memory if it is deemed significant?
Consolidation in long term memory storage
What is anterograde amnesia?
Inability to recall events following the injury. Can be short lived or permanent
What is retrograde amnesia?
Cannot remember events leading up to the injury
How is intermediate long term memory maintained?
Increasing Ca2+ entry to presynaptic terminals, increases neurotransmitter release which strengthens the synapse
How is long term memory maintained?
Increase in neurotransmitter sites on presynaptic membrane
Increase in number of neurotransmitter vesicles stored and released
Increase in number of presynaptic terminals
What are the two main types of long term memory?
Declarative/ explicit - abstract memory
Procedural/Reflexive/ Implicit - acquired slowly through repetition
How does consolidation occur?
Selective strengthening of synaptic connections through repetition