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Neurology > Muscle and Nerve Disease > Flashcards

Muscle and Nerve Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general symptoms of muscle disease?

A 
Weakness of skeletal muscle 
Dyspnoea 
Cardiomyopathy 
Cramp, pain 
Myoglobinuria
Poor feeding
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2
Q

What are the general signs of muscle disease?

A

Wasting/ hypertrophy
Abnormal tone and reflexes
Motor weakness

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3
Q

What are the investigations for muscle disease?

A

CK
EMG
Muscle biopsy
Genetic testing

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4
Q

What are the classifications of muscle disease?

A 
Muscular dystrophies 
Channelopathies 
Metabolic muscle disease 
Inflammatory muscle disease 
Congenital myopathies
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5
Q

What are the different types of muscular dystrophy?

A 
Duchenne's 
Becker's 
Limb-Girdle 
Myotonic 
Facioscpulohumeral
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6
Q

What is a channelopathy?

A

Disorder of Ca, Na and Cl channels

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7
Q

What are the different types of channelopathies?

A

Familial hyopkalemic periodic paralysis
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
Paramyotonia congenita
Myotinia congenita

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8
Q

What is metabolic muscle disease?

A

Disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism

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9
Q

What are the types of inflammatory muscle disease?

A

Polyyositis

Dermatomyositis

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10
Q

What are the investigations for inflammatory muscle disease?

A

EMG
Increased CK
Biopsy (PM-CD8 cells, DM-B cells, CD4 cells)

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11
Q

What is the treatment for inflammatory muscle disease?

A

Immunosuppression

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12
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a neuromuscular junction disorder?

A

Fatiguable weakness of limbs, muscles of mastication, talking
Diplopia
Dyspnoea
Ptosis

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13
Q

What are the investigations for neuromuscular junction disorders?

A 
AChR ab 
Anti MuSK ab 
Neurophysiology 
Tensilon test 
CT chest
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14
Q

What is the treatment for neuromuscular junction disorder?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Prednisolone
Steroid saving agent (azathioprine)

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15
Q

What is affected in peripheral nerve disorder?

A

Sensory axons (small and large fibres)
Motor axons
Autonomic nervous system

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16
Q

What is the cause of generalised peripheral neuropathy?

A 
Drugs 
Herditary 
Lyme, HIV, leprosy 
Paraneoplastic malignancy 
Guillain Barre syndrome
17
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of nerve disease?

A

Myotomal wasting and weakness
Reflex change
Dermatomal sensory change

18
Q

What are the investigations for nerve disease?

A 
Bloods 
Genetic analysis 
NCS 
Lumbar puncture (CSF analysis) 
Nerve biopsy
19
Q

What is ALS?

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

20
Q

What are the features of motor neuron disease?

A

Combination of UMN and LMN
Muscle fasciculations, wasting, weakness
Increased tone, brisk reflexes
No sensory involvement

21
Q

What is the treatment for motor neuron disease?

A

PEG, NIV (supportive)

Riluzole

Neurology (39 decks)

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