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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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2
Q

What is the name of the first cranial nerve?

A

Olfactory

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3
Q

What is the pathway of the olfactory nerve?

A

Passes through the cribriform plate and enters the olfactory bulb in the anterior cranial fossa

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4
Q

What is the role of the olfactory nerve?

A

Special sensory (smell)

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5
Q

What is the consequence of a fractured cribriform plate?

A

Olfactory nerve tear causing anosmia

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6
Q

What is the name of the second cranial nerve?

A

Optic

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7
Q

What is the pathway of the optic nerve?

A

Enters via optic canal to join optic chiasma

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8
Q

What is the role of the optic nerve?

A

Special sensory (vision)

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9
Q

What are the clinical application of the optic nerve?

A

Increase CSF pressure causes papilloedema
Right optic nerve section causes right eye blindness
Optic chiasma section causes peripheral vision loss
Right optic tract section causes left temporal and right nasal field blindness

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10
Q

What is the name of the third cranial nerve?

A

Oculomotor

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11
Q

What is the pathway of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Emerges from midbrain

Exits via superior orbital fissure

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12
Q

What is the role of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Somatic motor control of extra ocular muscles and eyelid

Parasympathetic control of pupil constriction and ciliary muscle causing lens accommodation

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of an oculomotor nerve problem?

A

Ptosis
No pupillary reflex
No lens accommodation
Eyeball abducted and pointing down

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14
Q

What is the name of the fourth cranial nerve?

A

Trochlear

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15
Q

What is the pathway of the trochlear nerve?

A

Emerges from dorsal surface of midbrain

Exits via superior orbital fissure

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16
Q

What is the role of the trochlear nerve?

A

Somatic motor control of superior oblique

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17
Q

What are the clinical signs of trochlear nerve problems?

A

Diplopia

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18
Q

What is the name of the fifth cranial nerve?

A

Trigeminal

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19
Q

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Ophthalmic (V1)
Maxillary (V2)
Mandible (V3)

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20
Q

What is the pathway of the ophthalmic nerve?

A

Emerges from pons, travels through trigeminal ganglion

Exits via superior orbital fissure

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21
Q

What is the role of the ophthalmic nerve?

A

Sensory into from cornea, forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose, mucosa from nasal cavity and sinuses

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22
Q

What is the pathway of the maxillary nerve?

A

Emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion
Exits via the foramen rotundum

23
Q

What is the role of the maxillary nerve?

A

Sensory info from the maxilla, teeth, TMJ, nose mucosa, maxillary sinuses and palate

24
Q

What is the pathway of the mandibular nerve?

A

Emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion
Exits via the foramen ovale

25
Q

What is the role of the mandibular nerve?

A

Sensory info from mandible, teeth, TMJ, mouth mucosa, anterior 2/3rds tongue
Somatic motor control of mastication muscles, part of digastric, tensor veli, palatine and tensor tympani

26
Q

What are the clinical signs of a trigeminal nerve problem?

A

Paralysis of mastication muscles
Loss of control of sneezing reflex
Loss of sensation in the face
Trigeminal neuralgia

27
Q

What is the name of the sixth cranial nerve?

28
Q

What is the pathway of the abducent nerve?

A

Emerges between pons and medulla

Exits via superior orbital fissure

29
Q

What is the role of the abducent nerve?

A

Somatic motor control of the lateral rectus

30
Q

What is the clinical sign of a abducent nerve problem?

A

Medial deviation of the affected eye causing diplopia

31
Q

What is the name of the seventh cranial nerve?

32
Q

What is the pathway of the facial nerve?

A

Emerges between the pons and medulla

Exits via the internal acoustic meatus, facial canal and stylomastoid process

33
Q

What is the role of the facial nerve?

A

Somatic motor control of facial expression muscles
Parasympathetic innervation od submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue and soft palate
Sensory info from external acoustic meatus

34
Q

What is the clinical sign of a facial nerve problem?

A

Bell’s palsy (facial palsy)

35
Q

What is the name of the eight cranial nerve?

A

Vestibulocochlear

36
Q

What is the pathway of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Emerges between pons and medulla

Exits via internal acoustic meatus, divides in vestibular and cochlear nerves

37
Q

What is the role of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Vestibular sensation from semicircular ducts, utricle and saccule
Gives sense of position and movement
Hearing from spiral organ

38
Q

What are the clinical signs of a vestibulocochlear nerve problem?

A

Tinnitus
Deafness
Vertigo
Nystagmus

39
Q

What is the name of the ninth cranial nerve?

A

Glossopharyngeal

40
Q

What is the pathway of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Emerges from medulla

Exits via jugular foramen

41
Q

What is the role of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Taste from posterior 1/3 tongue
Sensation from carrots body and sinus
Cutaneous sensations from middle ear and posterior oral cavity
Somatic motor control to stylopharyngeus
Parasympathetic innervation of parotid gland

42
Q

What are the clinical signs of a glossopharyngeal nerve problem?

A

Loss of gag reflex and taste from back of tongue

Jugular foramen syndrome

43
Q

What is the name of the tenth cranial nerve?

44
Q

What is the pathway of the vagus nerve?

A

Emerges from medulla

Exits via jugular foramen then everywhere

45
Q

What is the role of the vagus nerve?

A

Taste from epiglottis and palate
Sensation from auricle, external acoustic meatus
Sensory info from pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, oesophagus, stomach, intestine
Parasympathetic innervation of bronchi, gut and heart muscles
Somatic motor control of pharynx, larynx, palate and oesophagus

46
Q

What are the cancel signs of a vagus nerve problem?

A

Pharyngeal branch damage causes swallowing difficulty

Laryngeal branch damage causes speech difficulty

47
Q

What is the name of the eleventh cranial nerve?

48
Q

What is the pathway of the accessory nerve?

A

Small cranial and large spinal roots exit via jugular foramen

49
Q

What is the role of the accessory nerve?

A

Somatic motor control of soft palate, pharynx, larynx, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius

50
Q

What is the clinical sign of an accessory nerve problem?

A

Weakness in turning head and shrugging shoulder

51
Q

What is the name of the twelfth cranial nerve?

A

Hypoglossal

52
Q

What is the pathway of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Emerges from medulla

Exits through the hypoglossal canal

53
Q

What is the role of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Somatic motor control of the tongue muscles

54
Q

What is the clinical signs of a hypoglossal nerve problem?

A

Vunerable to damage during a tonsillectomy

Paralysis and atrophy of ipsilateral half of tongue, tip deviates towards affected side

Neurology (39 decks)

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