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Neurology > Applied Neuropharmacology > Flashcards

Applied Neuropharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Name examples of neurotransmitters

A 
Acetylcholine 
Monoamines 
Amino acids 
Purines 
Neuropeptides 
NO
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2
Q

What are the physiological functions affected by dopamine?

A

Vomiting
Voluntary movement
Emotions

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3
Q

Where is dopamine distributed within the brain?

A

Brainstem
Basal ganglia
Limbic system and frontel cortex

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4
Q

How is dopamine linked to Parkinson’s disease?

A

Degeneration of dopamine cells in substantia nigra leading to dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia

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5
Q

What is the synthesis line for dopamine?

A

Glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), dopamine

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6
Q

What is the basic route of dopamine metabolic breakdown?

A

Dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/3-methoxytryptamine, homovanillic acid

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7
Q

What are the 2 subgroups of dopaminergic drugs?

A

Dopamine precursor

Dopamine agonists

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8
Q

What is the main dopamine precursor drug?

A

Levodopa

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9
Q

What are the main dopamine agonist drugs?

A

Bromocriptine
Ropinirole
Pramipexole
Apomorphine

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10
Q

Name the main subgroups of enzyme inhibitors?

A

Peripheral AAAD inhibitors
MOAB inhibitors
COMT inhibitors

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11
Q

What are some examples of peripheral AAAD inhibitors?

A

Carbidopa

Benserazide

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12
Q

What is the function a peripheral AAAD inhibitor?

A

Reduces peripheral side effects of levodopa, allows greater proportion of dose to reach CNS

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13
Q

Name an example of an MOAB inhibitor?

A

Selegiline

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14
Q

Name an example of a COMT inhibitor?

A

Entacapone

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15
Q

What is the function of a COMT inhibitor?

A

Reduces metabolism of dopamine, increasing the effectiveness of levodopa

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16
Q

What is the particular disadvantage associated with enzyme inhibitors?

A

Can have no effect on synthetic dopamine agonists

17
Q

What are the advantages of dopamine antagonists?

A

Improve nausea, vomiting and psychosis

18
Q

What are the disadvantages of dopamine antagonists?

A

Worsen or cause Parkinson’s and rigidity and bradykinesia in the limbs

19
Q

What is the clinical name given to the ‘vomiting centre’

A

Area postrema

20
Q

Where is the area postrema located?

A

Medulla (functionally outside the brain blood barrier)

21
Q

What are the advantages of domperidone?

A

Does not cross brain blood barrier
No antipsychotic properties
Relatively safe to use on Parkinson’s

22
Q

What is domperidone?

A

Dopamine antagonist and anti emetic

23
Q

What is dyskinesia?

A

Abnormal involuntary movements

24
Q

What is the function of noradrenaline?

A

Reuptake blockers

25
Q

What is one of the main neurological benefits of GABA?

A

Anti-epileptic

Anti-anxiety properties

26
Q

What are some of the neurological uses of serotonin; 5-HT?

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are antidepressants

Triptans used for migraines

Neurology (39 decks)

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