Retinal Disorders Flashcards
What type of equipment is used to examine the eye?
Indirect ophthalmoscope Biometry Perimetry Fundus camera Optical coherence tomography Fluorescein angiography Electrophysiology
Where are rods located?
Peripheral areas of the retina
What is a specific feature of the blind spot?
No rods or cones
What is electrophysiology?
Investigations recording electrical signals from the eye, optic nerve and brain in response to visual stimuli
What does an electroretinogram measure?
Retinal function
Records action potentials within retina
What does an electrooculogram measure?
Function of RPE and photoreceptors
What do visually evoked potentials measure?
Optic nerve function
Electrical activity in visual cortex
What could be the causes of sudden painless loss of vision?
Central retinal vein occlusion Central retinal artery occlusion Ischaemic optic neuropathy Stroke Vitreous haemorrhage Retinal detachment
What are the causes of central retinal vein occlusion?
Hypertension
Glaucoma
Hyperviscosity
Inflammation
What are the causes of central retinal artery occlusion?
Emboli
Inflammation
What are the different types of ischaemic optic neuropathy?
Arteritic
Non arteritic
How do you differentiate between the different types of ischaemic optic neuropathy?
Arteritic form will have raised inflammatory markers on blood analysis
What are the symptoms of giant cell arteritis?
Headache Scalp tenderness Jaw claudication Neck pain Nausea Loss of vision
What is the investigation for giant cell arteritis?
Temporal artery biopsy
What are the symptoms of optic neuritis?
Pain on eye movement
Reduced vision red desaturation
