Transmission and treatment of viral disease L10 Flashcards
Where do most DNA viruses replicate
nucleus
where do most RNA viruses replicate
cytoplasm
do ways viruses can escape from the cell
killing the cell
budding out
6 transmission pathways
respiratory contact enteric percutaneous mother to child zoonoses
2 types of contact transmission
mucosal
cutaneous
3 viruses transmitted via enteric (ingestion)
norovirus
rotavirus
hep A and E
e.g of mucosal spread of a virus (2)
herpes simplex
HIV
e.g og cutaneous spread of a virus
human papillomavirus
2 forms of percutaneous transmission
blood
arboviruses (insect bite)
2 mother to child transmission methods
congenital infection
perinatal
3 zoonoses transmissions
ingestion
animal bites
insects
3 prevention methods for viruses
physical (condoms, DEET)
passive (antibody)
active (vaccines)
4 antiviral classes
- nucleoside analogues
- attachment blocker
- uncoating inhibitors
- Assembly inhibitors
what do nucleoside analogues do
obstructs viral replication
anti herpesviral therapy uses
nucleoside analogues based on acyclovir (-clovir)
4 HIV therapies
- nucleotide reverse transcription inhibitors
- Non-nucleotide reverse transcription inhibitors
- protease inhibitors
- integrase inhibitors
early host immune response to a virus
Antigen presented by MHC-1 on virally infected cell, promotes CD8+ T cells to kill them
host immune response later in infection
IgM aggregation
IgG neutralising
types of interferon associated with viral infections
type 1:
- IFN-alpha
- IFN beta
why are interferons produced in a viral infection
stimulation of fibroblasts and leucocytes by microbial products from the virus
3 things interferons do in a viral response
- stimulate genes which produce host restriction factors
- activate NK cells and macrophages
- Stimulate other cytokines to produce systemic response (flu-illness)
in a primary response to a pathogen which antibody is most present
IgM
in a secondary response which antibody is most present
IgG
what must are all viruses that are latent be
DNA viruses or have a DNA stage in their life cycle
