Transmission and treatment of viral disease L10

Question 1

Where do most DNA viruses replicate

Answer 1

nucleus

Question 2

where do most RNA viruses replicate

Answer 2

cytoplasm

Question 3

do ways viruses can escape from the cell

Answer 3

killing the cell

budding out

Question 4

6 transmission pathways

Answer 4

respiratory 
contact 
enteric 
percutaneous 
mother to child
zoonoses

Question 5

2 types of contact transmission

Answer 5

mucosal

cutaneous

Question 6

3 viruses transmitted via enteric (ingestion)

Answer 6

norovirus
rotavirus
hep A and E

Question 7

e.g of mucosal spread of a virus (2)

Answer 7

herpes simplex

HIV

Question 8

e.g og cutaneous spread of a virus

Answer 8

human papillomavirus

Question 9

2 forms of percutaneous transmission

Answer 9

blood

arboviruses (insect bite)

Question 10

2 mother to child transmission methods

Answer 10

congenital infection

perinatal

Question 11

3 zoonoses transmissions

Answer 11

ingestion
animal bites
insects

Question 12

3 prevention methods for viruses

Answer 12

physical (condoms, DEET)
passive (antibody)
active (vaccines)

Question 13

4 antiviral classes

Answer 13

1. nucleoside analogues
2. attachment blocker
3. uncoating inhibitors
4. Assembly inhibitors

Question 14

what do nucleoside analogues do

Answer 14

obstructs viral replication

Question 15

anti herpesviral therapy uses

Answer 15

nucleoside analogues based on acyclovir (-clovir)

Question 16

4 HIV therapies

Answer 16

1. nucleotide reverse transcription inhibitors
2. Non-nucleotide reverse transcription inhibitors
3. protease inhibitors
4. integrase inhibitors

Question 17

early host immune response to a virus

Answer 17

Antigen presented by MHC-1 on virally infected cell, promotes CD8+ T cells to kill them

Question 18

host immune response later in infection

Answer 18

IgM aggregation

IgG neutralising

Question 19

types of interferon associated with viral infections

Answer 19

type 1:

• IFN-alpha
• IFN beta

Question 20

why are interferons produced in a viral infection

Answer 20

stimulation of fibroblasts and leucocytes by microbial products from the virus

Question 21

3 things interferons do in a viral response

Answer 21

1. stimulate genes which produce host restriction factors
2. activate NK cells and macrophages
3. Stimulate other cytokines to produce systemic response (flu-illness)

Question 22

in a primary response to a pathogen which antibody is most present

Answer 22

IgM

Question 23

in a secondary response which antibody is most present

Answer 23

IgG

Question 24

what must are all viruses that are latent be

Answer 24

DNA viruses or have a DNA stage in their life cycle