Bacterial structure and classification L4 Flashcards
3 types of bacteria
gram +
gram -
acid fast
genetic exchange via (4)
transformation
transduction
conjugation
transposons
purpose of flagellum
motility
purpose of pili (fimbriae)
adhesion
e.g of a bacteria where the flagellum is essential for motility
helicobacter pylori (penetration into mucus layers of stomach)
what does gram stain distinguish between
gram + and gram-
process of gram stain
stain with crystal violet
wash with alcohol
Gram positive colour after stain
purple
Gram negative colour after stain
pink
membranes of a gram - cell wall
cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane
what is between the cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane
periplasm
what is contained within the periplasm
thin layer of peptidoglycan
what is unique to gram negatives
lipopolysaccharide
what is the lipopolysaccharide recognised by
TLR4
what is different about the gram + cell wall membrane wise
only one membrane
what membrane is in the gram + cell wall
cytoplasmic
what is on top of the cytoplasmic membrane in gram +
thick layer of peptidoglycan
what is embedded in the Gram + peptidoglycan
teichoic acid
2 types of bacteria types that don’t stain
acid fast bacteria
those without a conventional wall
name two types of bacteria without a conventional wall
chlamydia
mycoplasma
Cocci=
round
bacilli=
rod
what is an e.g bacteria of cocci in chains
streptococcus
what are spores resistant to (3)
heat
desiccation
chemical
what type of bacteria is the only spore forming type
gram positive
Clostridium difficile=
antibiotic associated diarrhea
what bacteria means babies shouldn’t eat honey
clostridium botulinum
all bacteria require (6)
carbon nitrogen phosphate sulphate minerals trace elements
bacterial genome=
chromosme+ plasmids
genetic content of bacteria is
haploid
2 ways diversity arises
mutations
genetic exchange
why is horizontal gene transfer important
acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance
evolution of pathogens
transformation=
free DNA is taken up by the cell
4 types of horizontal gene transfer
transformation
transduction
conjugation
transposons
transduction=
phage mediate transfer of non-phage DNA between bacteria
Phage=
bacterial virus
conjugation=
bacteria having sex
conjugative plasmid moves from one bacterium to another
transposons=
jumping genes (mobile genetic units)
bacterial growth pattern can be described as
binary fission